ÿþ<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Ceratopogonidae -- a/o cat.</TITLE> </head> <script src="http://www.google-analytics.com/urchin.js" type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> _uacct = "UA-2677602-4"; urchinTracker(); </script> <BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff"> <h3>Australasian/Oceanian Diptera Catalog -- Web Version</h3> <p>Go to <a href="aocathome.html">A/O Catalog Home Page</a></p> <p align="center">25. Family <strong>CERATOPOGONIDAE</strong><br> [Originally] by Margaret L. Debenham</p> <p>Ceratopogonidae, or biting midges (erroneously called sand flies in coastal Australia), are small, rather stout, compact flies ranging in length from ca. 1 to 6 mm. Approximately 4,000 species are known in 5 subfamilies and ca. 76 genera; all 5 subfamilies and nearly half of the genera (comprising ca. 750 species) are recorded from the Australasian/Oceanian Regions.<br> </p> <p>The subfamily Leptoconopinae is morphologically distinctive and is sometimes given family rank (Zilahi-Sebess 1960, Krivosheina 1969, Remm 1988). Larvae of this subfamily burrow in clean, moist sand or soil in littoral, subcoastal, and inland stream habitats. In other subfamilies larval habitats are diverse (those of Austroconopinae are unknown) with preferred food being plant and soil detritus, fungi, algae, or small organisms. Their habitats include moss, damp rotting timber, tree sap flows, decaying vegetation, animal dung, partially sub&shy;merged wet wood or stones in streams and bogs, tree holes, sand or mud on freshwater mar&shy;gins, wet soil in bogs or swamps, brackish coastal marshes (esp. mangrove communities), rice fields, floating algal mats and, particularly in the tropics, axils of water-holding plants. Larvae of the Forcipomyiinae generally occur in more terrestrial habitats and the Ceratopogoninae favor semiaquatic environments, but representatives of both subfamilies have been recorded from virtually the entire range of habitats. Species of the subfamily Dasyheleinae often occur in physically restricted environments: small rock pools, tree holes, and tree sap.<br> </p> <p> Food sources of adult Ceratopogonidae are varied. Both sexes obtain nectar from flow&shy;ers, and some of the smaller, hairy species (especially <em>Forcipomyia</em> spp.) are important pollina&shy;tors of some commercial crops, notably cacao and Hevea rubber. Females usually require a protein-rich meal for egg maturation. In Forcipomyiinae this may be the blood of large insects (living or dead) or vertebrates, or pollen sap. Leptoconopinae, <em>Culicoides</em>, and <em>Austroconops</em> use only vertebrate blood. Other Ceratopogoninae feed on small insects captured in flight [usually males taken from a mating swarm (Downes 1977)]. A number of species are able to mature the first batch of eggs without a protein meal, but Dasyheleinae and some species of Forcipomyiinae and Culicoidini are fully autogenous and have lost functional mandibles.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </p> <p><em>Culicoides</em> and <em>Leptoconops</em> are often severe pests of humans in coastal resort areas of northern and eastern Australia and the Pacific Islands. There is no known involvement of Ceratopogonidae in human disease transmission in the Australasian/Oceanian Regions, but elsewhere some species are vectors of human parasites or viruses. In Africa and the Americas <em>Culicoides</em> spp. transmit human filarial parasites of the genus <em>Mansonella</em> Faust. In Trinidad and Amazonian Brazil <em>Culicoides paraensis</em> (Goeldi) is a vector of Oropouche virus (Simbu group) [see Linley et al. (1983) for a detailed review of the role of biting midges in human health].<br> </p> <p> Two subgenera of <em>Forcipomyia</em> (<em>Lasiohelea</em>, <em>Dacnoforcipomyia</em>) take vertebrate blood and are occasional pests of humans, but Lasiohelea is <br> mainly significant as a vector of stock parasites. Ottley &amp; Moorhouse (1980) reported the labo&shy;ratory transmission of <em>Onchocerca gibsoni</em> in cattle by <em>F</em>. (<em>L</em>.) <em>townsvillensis</em> in Queensland, and Ottley et al. (1983) suggested it was a vector of <em>O. cervicalis</em> in horses in northern Australia. In Europe and Asia these filariae are apparently transmitted by <em>Culicoides</em> species.<br> </p> <p>Two serotypes of bluetongue virus have been isolated from <em>Culicoides</em> species in the Northern Territory (St. George &amp; Muller 1984), although there is no evidence that the disease is present. <em>Culicoides brevitarsis</em> has been implicated as a vector of Akabane and Aino viruses of calves in Australia (Coverdale et al. 1978). A number of viruses of no known pathology have been isolated from Australian <em>Culicoides</em>, principally <em>C. brevitarsis</em> and <em>C. marksi</em> (Muller <em>et al.</em> 1982). Riek (1954) demonstrated that an allergic dermatitis of horses, known in Australia as &quot;Queensland itch,&quot; was produced by hypersensitivity to the bites of <em>C. brevitarsis</em>.<br> </p> <p>Taxonomic studies on this family from the regions covered here are extensive and too numerous to list in detail. Major contributions include those of Kieffer (1917a), Edwards (1928c), Ingram &amp; Macfie (1931b), Macfie (1932-1946), Tokunaga (1940-1977), Lee (1948-1963), Lee &amp; Reye (1953-1963), Tokunaga &amp; Murachi (1959), Debenham (1970-1988), Debenham &amp; Wirth (1984), and Borkent et al. (1987).<br> </p> <p>Immature stages have been described by Kettle &amp; Elson (1975-1980) and Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle (1985-1986).<br> </p> <p>Nontaxonomic studies of this family are sparse, most having been published after 1960. All published biological data for Australasian taxa are summarized in Debenham (1979).<br> Refs.: Wirth et al. (1974, key), Debenham (1979, cat., bibliogr.).<br> <br> </p> <p align="center">Subfamily AUSTROCONOPINAE<br> Genus <strong>AUSTROCONOPS</strong> Wirth &amp; Lee</p> <p><strong>AUSTROCONOPS</strong> Wirth &amp; Lee, 1959a: 337. Type species: <em>Austroconops mcmillani</em> Wirth &amp; Lee, 1959, orig. des.<br> <strong>annettae</strong> Borkent &amp; Craig, 2004: 44. Australia (WA).<br> <strong>mcmillani</strong> Wirth &amp; Lee, 1959a: 337. Australia (WA).</p> <p align="center"><br> Genus <strong>LEPTOCONOPS</strong> Skuse</p> <p><strong>LEPTOCONOPS</strong> Skuse, 1889e: 288. Type species: <em>Leptoconops stygius</em> Skuse, 1889, mon.</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>LEPTOCONOPS</strong> Skuse</p> <p><strong>LEPTOCONOPS</strong> Skuse, 1889e: 288 (as gen.). Type species: <em>Leptoconops stygius</em> Skuse, 1889, mon.<br> <em>MYCTEROTYPUS</em> No&egrave;, 1905: 114 (as gen.). Type species: <em>Mycterotypus bezzii</em> No&egrave;, 1905, des. Carter, 1921b: 3.<br> <strong>bullsbrookensis</strong> Smee, 1966: 1008. Australia (WA).<br> <strong>bundyensis</strong> Smee, 1966: 1007. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>endialis</strong> Smee, 1966: 1010. Australia (NT); Australia (Qld, WA).<br> <strong>grandis</strong> Carter, 1921b: 12. Australia (WA).<br> <strong>halophilus</strong> Smee, 1966: 1010. Australia (WA).<br> <strong>longicornis</strong> Carter, 1921b: 11. Australia (WA).<br> <strong>mackerrasae</strong> Smee, 1966: 1006. Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW, WA).<br> <strong>nivalis</strong> Smee, 1966: 1012. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>obscurus</strong> Smee, 1966: 1014. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>riverinaensis</strong> Smee, 1966: 1009. Australia (ACT); Australia (NSW, Vic).<br> <strong>siamensis</strong> Carter, 1921b: 20. Thailand; Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Indonesia (Kalimantan), Malaysia (Pen).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>maai</em> Tokunaga, 1963a: 214. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>smeei</strong> Wirth &amp; Atchley, 1973: 22 (n. n. for <em>longipalpis</em> Smee). Australia (WA).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>longipalpis</em> Smee, 1966: 1007. Australia (WA). [Preocc. Kieffer, 1923.]<br> <strong>stygius</strong> Skuse, 1889e: 288. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld, Vic).<br> <strong>woodhilli</strong> Lee, 1948a: 334. Australia (NT); Australia (Qld).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>STYLOCONOPS</strong> Kieffer</p> <p><strong>STYLOCONOPS</strong> Kieffer, 1921a: 107 (as gen.). Type species: <em>Leptoconops albiventris</em> de Meijere, 1915, orig. des.<br> <em>ACANTHOCONOPS</em> Carter, 1921b: 24 (as gen.). Type species: <em>Acanthoconops spinosifrons</em> Carter, 1921, orig. des.<br> <strong>albiventris</strong> de Meijere, 1915b: 98. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Australia (Qld), French Polynesia (Marquesas), PNG (Bismarck Arch, Bougainville I, PNG), Solomon Is.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>novaeguineae</em> de Meijere, 1913c: xxxix (<em>Mycterotypus</em>). <em>Nomen nudum</em>.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>spinosipes</em> Kieffer, 1917a: 190. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>australiensis</strong> Lee, 1948a: 337 (<em>Styloconops</em>). Australia (NSW); widesp. Australia.<br> <strong>mooloolabaensis</strong> Smee, 1966: 1021 (<em>Styloconops</em>). Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW, Vic).<br> <strong>myersi</strong> Tonnoir, 1924a: 443 (<em>Acanthoconops</em>). NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>pseudosetosifrons</strong> Smee, 1966: 1023 (<em>Styloconops</em>). Australia (NT).<br> <strong>setosifrons</strong> Smee, 1966: 1022 (<em>Styloconops</em>). Australia (Qld); Australia (NT).</p> <p align="center">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center">Subfamily FORCIPOMYIINAE<br> Genus <strong>ATRICHOPOGON</strong> Kieffer</p> <p><strong>ATRICHOPOGON</strong> Kieffer, 1906: 53 (<em>Ceratopogon</em> subg.). Type species: <em>Ceratopogon exilis</em> Coquillett, 1902 [= <em>Ceratopogon levis</em> Coquillett, 1901], des. Coquillett, 1910: 512.<br> <em>KEMPIA</em> Kieffer, 1913d: 162, 179 (<em>Dasyhelea</em> subg.). Type species: <em>Dasyhelea calcuttensis</em> Kieffer, 1913, des. Wirth, 1952a: 117.<br> <strong>abrasus</strong> Edwards, 1928c: 52. Western Samoa.<br> <strong>annulifemoratus</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 190. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>arciforceps</strong> Tokunaga, 1941: 110. Micronesia; Belau.<br> <strong>armaticaudalis</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 131. Micronesia; Belau, Guam, PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>armatilabrum</strong> Clastrier, 1988: 211. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>atratus</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 184. Australia (NSW).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; var. <strong>rufiventris</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 184. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>atroscutellatus</strong> Edwards, 1928c: 53. Western Samoa.<br> <strong>australis</strong> Clastrier, 1988: 200. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>bellicosus</strong> Debenham, 1973: 74. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>bifasciatus</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 181. PNG (PNG); Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>biroi</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 182. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>brevicornis</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 138. Belau.<br> <strong>chazeaui</strong> Clastrier, 1988: 199. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>clavator</strong> Debenham, 1973: 73. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>coracinus</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 184. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>fenestriscutum</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 125. Micronesia; Belau.<br> <strong>fitzroyi</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 34. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>flavenicruris</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 135. Micronesia.<br> <strong>flavitergum</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 187. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>fulviscutellaris</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 192. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>gressitti</strong> Tokunaga <em>in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 137. Micronesia.<br> <strong>greyi</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 35. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>hobsoni</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 32. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>hystricoides</strong> Debenham, 1973: 71. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>insigniunguis</strong> Clastrier, 1988: 198. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>jacobsoni</strong> de Meijere, 1907: 212 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Indonesia (Java); American Samoa, Belau, Fiji, French Polynesia (Marquesas, Society Is), Guam, Hawaiian Is, Micronesia, New Caledonia (New Caledonia), PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG), Tonga, Western Samoa; widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>immaculatus</em> Kieffer, 1917a: 181. PNG (PNG).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>cavernarum</em> Edwards, 1924a: 107. India.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>rarus</em> Johannsen, 1946: 188. Guam.<br> <strong>lacustris</strong> Clastrier, 1988: 203. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>longicalcaris</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 182. PNG (PNG): Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>mastersi</strong> Skuse, 1889e: 297 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>matilei</strong> Clastrier, 1988: 204. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>neocaledoniensis</strong> Clastrier, 1988: 205. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>nigribasalis</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 180. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>nigrithoracius</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 188. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>nigrithorax</strong> Clastrier, 1988: 208. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>novaguinensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 202. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>obscuripes</strong> Macfie, 1933b: 77. French Polynesia (Society Is); ?Indonesia.<br> <strong>ornatithorax</strong> Clastrier, 1988: 208. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>pacificus</strong> Clastrier, 1988: 218. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>pallidipedis</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 194. &quot;Neth. New Guinea&quot;, error [= PNG (PNG)].<br> <strong>poguei</strong> Clastrier, 1988: 201. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>pullatus</strong> Macfie, 1933a: 95. French Polynesia (Marquesas).<br> <strong>quateriharpagonum</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 198. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>raripilipennis</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 123. Belau.<br> <strong>rhynchops</strong> Schiner, 1868: 26 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>rubidus</strong> Macfie, 1933a: 97. French Polynesia (Marquesas).<br> <strong>sessilis</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 183. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>setosicubitus</strong> Clastrier, 1988: 210. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>shortlandi</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 33. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>simplicifurcatus</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 201. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>snyderi</strong> Tokunaga <em>in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 117. Bonin Is.<br> <strong>spinicaudalis</strong> Tokunaga <em>in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 129. Belau.<br> <strong>sulfuratus</strong> Debenham, 1989: 229 (n.n. for <em>flaveolum</em> Tokunaga). PNG (PNG).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>flaveolum</em> Tokunaga, 1959: 185. PNG (PNG). [Preocc. Zilahi-Sebess, 1936.]<br> <strong>tenuiatus</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 200. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>tridentistylus</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 184. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>umbrosus</strong> Macfie, 1933a: 97. French Polynesia (Marquesas).<br> <strong>vepres</strong> Debenham, 1973: 73. Australia (Qld); ?PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>vestitipennis</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 183. PNG (PNG); ?NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>vittatus Tokunaga</strong>, 1959: 196. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>wallisensis</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1996: 291. Wallis &amp; Futuna.<br> </p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>FORCIPOMYIA</strong> Meigen</p> <p><strong>FORCIPOMYIA</strong> Meigen, 1818: 73, 75. Type species: <em>Tipula bipunctata</em> Linnaeus, 1767, des. Westwood, 1840: 126 (for <em>Labidomyia</em> Stephens). [Generic name originally published in synonymy with <em>Ceratopogon</em>, but available under I.C.Z.N. <em>Code</em> Art. 11.6.1.]<br> <em>LABIDOMYIA</em> Stephens, 1829a: 52 [1829b: 239] (unnec. n. n. for <em>Forcipomyia</em>).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>BASSOFORCIPOMYIA</strong> Debenham</p> <p><strong>BASSOFORCIPOMYIA</strong> Debenham, 1987b: 172. Type species: <em>Forcipomyia centurio</em> Debenham, 1987, orig. des.<br> <strong>centurio</strong> Debenham, 1987b: 173. Australia (Tas).<br> <strong>incus</strong> Debenham, 1987b: 175. Australia (NSW); Australia (ACT).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>BLANTONIA</strong> Wirth &amp; Dow</p> <p><strong>BLANTONIA</strong> Wirth &amp; Dow, 1971: 289. Type species: <em>Forcipomyia caribbea</em> Wirth &amp; Dow, 1971, orig. des.<br> <strong>testudo</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 64. Australia (Qld).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>CALOFORCIPOMYIA</strong> Saunders</p> <p><strong>CALOFORCIPOMYIA</strong> Saunders, 1957: 680. Type species: <em>Forcipomyia caerulea</em> Saunders, 1957, orig. des.<br> <strong>gibbus</strong> Debenham, 1987b: 180. Australia (Qld); PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>neocaledonicus</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1991: 183. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>pennaticauda</strong> Debenham, 1987b: 183. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>quokkae</strong> Debenham, 1987b: 179. Australia (WA).<br> <strong>squamianulipes</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 194. Belau; Indonesia (Irian Jaya), PNG (PNG).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>squamiannulipes</em>, error for <em>squamianulipes</em>.<br> <strong>swezeyi</strong> Edwards, 1928c: 50. American Samoa.<br> <strong>viridis</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1991: 179. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> </p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>COLLESSOHELEA</strong> Debenham</p> <p><strong>COLLESSOHELEA</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 60. Type species: <em>Forcipomyia yungurara</em> Debenham, 1987, orig. des.<br> <strong>yungurara</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 61. Australia (Qld); New Caledonia (New Caledonia), PNG (PNG).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>DACNOFORCIPOMYIA</strong> Chan &amp; Saunders</p> <p><strong>DACNOFORCIPOMYIA</strong> Chan &amp; Saunders, 1965: 527. Type species: <em>Forcipomyia anabaenae</em> Chan &amp; Saunders, 1965, mon.<br> <strong>anabaenae</strong> Chan &amp; Saunders, 1965: 528. Singapore; Australia (Qld), PNG (Bismarck Arch); Japan.</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>DYCEA</strong> Debenham</p> <p><strong>DYCEA</strong> Debenham, 1987d: 666. Type species: <em>Forcipomyia vespa</em> Debenham, 1987, orig. des.<br> <strong>capax</strong> Debenham, 1987d: 670. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>edgari</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 154. Northern Marianas; Bonin Is.<br> <strong>improbiserra</strong> Debenham, 1987d: 667. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>pachyparamera</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1991: 187. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>transversalis</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1991: 190. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>vespa</strong> Debenham, 1987d: 668. Australia (NSW).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>EUPROJOANNISIA</strong> Br&egrave;thes</p> <p><strong>EUPROJOANNISIA</strong> Br&egrave;thes, 1914: 155 (as gen.). Type species: <em>Euprojoannisia platensis</em> Br&egrave;thes, 1914, orig. des.<br> <em>PROFORCIPOMYIA</em> Saunders, 1957: 662. Type species: <em>Forcipomyia wirthi</em> Saunders, 1957, orig. des.<br> <strong>aequalis</strong> Skuse, 1889e: 294 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Australia (NSW); Australia (NT, Qld), PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>antipodum</strong> Hudson, 1892: 45 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). NZ (NZ).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>novaezelandiae</em> Kieffer, 1922a: 145. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>bellerophon</strong> Debenham &amp; Wirth, 1984: 869. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>bituberculifera</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 188. Belau; Micronesia.<br> <strong>calamistrata</strong> Debenham &amp; Wirth, 1984: 862. Australia (Qld); Australia (NT), PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>deucalionis</strong> Debenham &amp; Wirth, 1984: 875. Australia (NSW); Australia (ACT, WA).<br> <strong>dycei</strong> Debenham &amp; Wirth, 1984: 871. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>fuscimanus</strong> Kieffer, 1921d: 559 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Taiwan; Australia (Qld), Belau, Marshall Is, Micronesia, Northern Marianas, PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG); Ryukyu Is.<br> <strong>galeata</strong> Debenham &amp; Wirth, 1984: 878. Australia (Qld); Australia (ACT, NSW, NT, Vic).<br> <strong>hardyi</strong> Wirth &amp; Howarth, 1982: 130. Hawaiian Is.<br> <strong>iaculum</strong> Debenham &amp; Wirth, 1984: 883. PNG (PNG).<br> <em>ingrami</em> Carter--not Australasian/Oceanian.<br> <strong>kaneohe</strong> Wirth &amp; Howarth, 1982: 141. Hawaiian Is.<br> <strong>palikuensis</strong> Hardy, 1960: 175. Hawaiian Is.<br> <strong>pholeter</strong> Wirth &amp; Howarth, 1982: 139. Hawaiian Is.<br> <strong>sagittarius</strong> Debenham &amp; Wirth, 1984: 880. Australia (Qld); Australia (NT).<br> <strong>saltivaga</strong> Skuse, 1889e: 295 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Australia (NSW); Australia (ACT, Tas).<br> <strong>sauteri</strong> Kieffer, 1912d: 27. Taiwan; Australia (NSW, NT, Qld), Belau, Fiji, French Polynesia (Marquesas), Guam, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Marshall Is, Micronesia, New Caledonia (New Caledonia), Northern Marianas, PNG (Bismarck Arch, Bougainville I, PNG), Western Samoa; Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia (Pen), Philippines, Ryukyu Is, Singapore.<br> <strong>subnitida</strong> Skuse, 1889e: 299 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>vandiemeni</strong> Debenham &amp; Wirth, 1984: 864. Australia (Tas).<br> <strong>yapensis</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 185. Micronesia; Belau.</p> <p align="center"><br> Subgenus <strong>FORCIPOHEALEA</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle</p> <p><strong>FORCIPOHELEA</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1991: 195. Type species: <em>Forcipomyia tillierorum</em> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1991, orig. des.<br> <strong>tillierorum</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1991: 197. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> </p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>FORCIPOMYIA</strong> Meigen</p> <p><strong>FORCIPOMYIA</strong> Meigen, 1818: 73, 75 (as gen.). Type species: <em>Tipula bipunctata</em> Linnaeus, 1767, des. Westwood, 1840: 126 (for <em>Labidomyia</em> Stephens). [Generic name originally published in synonymy with <em>Ceratopogon</em>, but available under I.C.Z.N. <em>Code</em> Art. 11.6.1.]<br> <em>LABIDOMYIA</em> Stephens, 1829a: 52 [1829b: 239] [as gen.; unnec. n. n. for <em>Forcipomyia</em> (as <em>Forcipomyia</em> Megerle)].<br> <em>TETRAPHORA</em> Philippi, 1865: 630 (as gen.). Type species: <em>Tetraphora fusca</em> Philippi, 1865, mon.<br> <em>PROHELEA</em> Kieffer, 1911d: 319. Type species: <em>Ceratopogon decipiens</em> Kieffer, 1910, des. Brunetti, 1920: 48.<br> <strong>adjecta</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 284. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Australia (NSW, Qld), PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG).<br> <strong>albopunctata</strong> Skuse, 1889e: 293 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Australia (NSW); widesp. Australia.<br> <strong>atricella</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 304. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>charon</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 276. Australia (WA).<br> <strong>claggi</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 150. Guam; Bonin Is.<br> <strong>contraria</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 307. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>cooki</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 28. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>crassipalpis</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 303. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>declivis</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 295. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>desurvillei</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 28. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>dissimilis</strong>Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1991: 200. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>episcopus</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 291. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>fascicauda</strong> Tokunaga, 1940b: 62 (key) [1940e: 167]. Micronesia; ?Belau, ?Guam, ?Indonesia (Irian Jaya), ?Northern Marianas, ?PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG).<br> <strong>flavipectoralis</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 280. PNG (Bismarck Arch); PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>geniflava</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 278. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>guamensis</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 166. Guam.<br> <strong>hygrophila</strong> Kieffer, 1925: 147. Estonia; Hawaiian Is [immigrant]; Holarctic Reg.<br> <strong>mira</strong> Johannsen, 1932a: 410. Indonesia (Java); Indonesia (Irian Jaya), PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG)<br> <strong>palmarum</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 299. PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>pardus</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 295. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>parvicellula</strong> Ingram &amp; Macfie, 1931b: 195. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>pictiscutaris</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 270. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>punctipes</strong> Edwards, 1928c: 49. Western Samoa; Belau, Micronesia; Malaysia (Pen).<br> <strong>punctumalbum</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 178 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). PNG (PNG); Australia (Qld), Indonesia (Irian Jaya), PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>quadriflava</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 272. PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>skusei</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 279. Australia (NSW): Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>spinuliforceps</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 275. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>squamitibialis</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 269. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>supplex</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 297. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>swezeyana</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 145. Guam; Belau, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Northern Marianas, PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG).<br> <strong>tapleyi</strong> Ingram &amp; Macfie, 1931b: 196. NZ (NZ); NZ (Auckland Is).<br> <strong>tortor</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 286. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>vexillarius</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 291. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>wahgi</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 285. PNG (PNG).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>HERAKLEOHELEA</strong> Debenham</p> <p><strong>HERAKLEOHELEA</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 97. Type species: <em>Forcipomyia grallator</em> Debenham, 1987, orig. des.<br> <strong>grallator</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 97. Australia (NSW).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>KATTANGOMYIA</strong> Debenham</p> <p><strong>KATTANGOMYIA</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 98. Type species: <em>Forcipomyia taurus</em> Debenham, 1987, orig. des.<br> <strong>orbis</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 102. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>taurus</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 101. Australia (NSW).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>LASIOHELEA</strong> Kieffer</p> <p><strong>LASIOHELEA</strong> Kieffer, 1921a: 115 (as gen.). Type species: <em>Atrichopogon pilosipennis</em> Kieffer, 1919 [= <em>Ceratopogon velox</em> Winnertz, 1852], orig. des.<br> <strong>aiyurae</strong> Debenham, 1983: 29. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>ancoriformis</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 226. Micronesia.<br> <strong>brevisicae</strong> Debenham, 1983: 26. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>caesariata</strong> Debenham, 1983: 8. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>caledonica</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1993: 132. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>carolinensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1940a: 208 (Lasiohelea). Micronesia; American Samoa, Belau, Fiji, Northern Marianas.<br> <strong>citowitschi</strong> Debenham, 1983: 17. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>colum</strong> Debenham, 1983: 7. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>crocea</strong> Debenham, 1983: 15. PNG (Bismarck Arch); Australia (Qld), Indonesia (Irian Jaya), PNG (PNG), Solomon Is.<br> <strong>cuculli</strong> Debenham, 1983: 34. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>fenestrarum</strong> Debenham, 1983: 25. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>flaveola</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1993: 136. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>hicksae</strong> Debenham, 1983: 30. Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW, NT).<br> <strong>incomposita</strong> Debenham, 1983: 20. PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>infans</strong> Debenham, 1983: 28. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>kamilaroi</strong> Debenham, 1983: 29. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>magnispinosa</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1993: 137. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>matautuensis</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1996: 304. Wallis &amp; Futuna.<br> <strong>i</strong><strong>ministra</strong> Debenham, 1983: 32. Australia (NT).<br> <strong>nemus</strong> Debenham, 1983: 19. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>nhulunbuyensis</strong> Debenham, 1983: 32. Australia (NT).<br> <strong>paenedentula</strong> Debenham, 1983: 16. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>parenthesis</strong> Debenham, 1983: 24. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>perae</strong> Debenham, 1983: 23. Solomon Is.<br> <strong>peregrinator</strong> Debenham, 1983: 12. Australia (Qld); Australia (NT, WA).<br> <strong>plumosa</strong> Debenham, 1983: 9. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>puteus</strong> Debenham, 1983: 14. Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>rastraria</strong> Debenham, 1983: 10. Australia (NT); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>russelli</strong> Debenham, 1983: 11. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>serridentata</strong> Debenham, 1983: 18. Solomon Is.<br> <strong>spinipenis</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 227. Belau.<br> <strong>stimulans</strong> de Meijere, 1909c: 197 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Indonesia (Java &amp; Sumatra); ?Micronesia.<br> <strong>thiensis</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1993: 139. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong></strong><strong>townsvillensis</strong> Taylor, 1918b: 169 (<em>Culicoides</em>). Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW, NT), PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG), Solomon Is.</p> <p align="center"><br> &nbsp;Subgenus <strong>LEPIDOHELEA</strong> Kieffer</p> <p><strong>LEPIDOHELEA</strong> Kieffer, 1917b: 364 (as gen.). Type species: <em>Ceratopogon chrysolophus</em> Kieffer, 1911, orig. des.<br> <strong>acinacium</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 329. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>adversari</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 321. Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>bifurcifera</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 281. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>bullata</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 315. Australia (ACT); S Australia.<br> <strong>cerberus</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 335. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>davidi</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 330. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>demeter</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 319. Australia (Vic); Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>lagoenae</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 327. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>maculosicrura</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 265. PNG (Bismarck Arch); Indonesia (Irian Jaya), PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>manis</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 344. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>matilei</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1991: 203. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>medipalus</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 320. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>paenulata</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 334. Australia (WA).<br> <strong>palliscuta</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 259. PNG (PNG); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>parvicrater</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 336. Australia (ACT).<br> <strong>pictisquamipennis</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 260. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>quinqueremis</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 341. PNG (PNG); Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>scurra</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 340. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>semihamata</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 339. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>semota</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 328. Australia (Qld); Australia (ACT, NSW).<br> <strong>tortuosa</strong> Debenham, 1987c: 322. Australia (NSW); Australia (ACT, Qld, Tas), New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>unifascicornis</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 263. PNG (PNG); Australia (NT).<br> <strong>unitheca</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 183. Belau; Micronesia.</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>METAFORCIPOMYIA</strong> Saunders</p> <p><strong>METAFORCIPOMYIA</strong> Saunders, 1957: 685. Type species: <em>Forcipomyia cerifera</em> Saunders, 1957, orig. des.<br> <strong>campana</strong> Debenham, 1987b: 193. Australia (NSW); Australia (Tas).<br> <strong>colonus</strong> Debenham, 1987b: 191. Australia (ACT); Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>crepidinis</strong> Debenham, 1987b: 196. Australia (WA).<br> <strong>furculae</strong> Debenham, 1987b: 190. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>novaguineae</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 289. PNG (PNG); Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>rupicola</strong> Debenham, 1987b: 194. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>stigmatipennis</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 268. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>tomaculorum</strong> Debenham, 1987b: 188. Australia (NSW); Australia (ACT, Qld).<br> <strong>triclotae</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1991: 209. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> </p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>MICROHELEA</strong> Kieffer</p> <p><strong>MICROHELEA</strong> Kieffer, 1917b: 364 (as gen.). Type species: <em>Atrichopogon microtomus</em> Kieffer, 1917, des. Kieffer, 1921g: 7. [Explanatory annotation on erroneous type designation in 1917 work given in Kieffer (1921g).]<br> <strong>abbaekiefferi</strong> Debenham, 1987d: 656. PNG (PNG); Australia (NSW, Qld) ?Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>amieuensis</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1993: 149. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong></strong><strong>arnhemi</strong> Debenham, 1987d: 652. Australia (NT).<br> <strong>asquamata</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1993: 142. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong></strong><strong>australiensis</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 178 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). PNG (PNG). <em>Nomen dubium</em>.<br> <strong>cylindripalpis</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1993: 147. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong></strong><strong>esakiana</strong> Tokunaga, 1940a: 206. Micronesia; Australia (Qld), Belau, Guam, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Marshall Is, PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG); Ryukyu Is, Thailand.<br> <strong>flavitibialis</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 170. Micronesia; Belau, Guam, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Kiribati (Gilbert Is), Marshall Is, PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>fuliginosa</strong> Meigen, 1818: 86 (Ceratopogon). Germany; ?Fiji, ?French Polynesia (Society Is), ?Western Samoa; cosmopol.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>hirtipes</em> de Meijere, 1907: 209. Indonesia (Java).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>ornaticrus</em> Ingram &amp; Macfie, 1924b: 577 (<em>inornatipennis</em> var.). Ghana &amp; Nigeria &amp; Tanzania.<br> <strong>globularis</strong> Edwards, 1928c: 48. Western Samoa.<br> <strong>gressitti</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 152. Belau; Micronesia.<br> <strong>inflatipalpis</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1993: 153. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong></strong><strong>inornatipennis</strong> Austen, 1912b: 107. Nigeria; ?French Polynesia (Marquesas).<br> <strong>insulae</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1993: 151. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong></strong><strong>lignarius</strong> Debenham, 1987d: 655. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>ocrearum</strong> Debenham, 1987d: 664. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>ornata</strong> Tokunaga, 1940b: 61 (key) [1940e: 166]. Belau; Guam, Marshall Is, Micronesia, Northern Marianas, ?PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>proximornata</strong> Debenham, 1987d: 657. PNG (PNG).<strong><br> serrulifimbria</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 283. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>stelechos</strong> Debenham, 1987d: 649. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>subspadicifascia</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 167. Micronesia; Belau, Marshall Is.<br> <strong>tiwaka</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1993: 144. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong></strong><strong>tuthilli</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 174. Marshall Is.<br> <strong>willisi</strong> Debenham, 1987d: 661. Australia (NSW); Australia (ACT, Qld), PNG (PNG).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>PEDILOHELEA</strong> de Meillon &amp; Wirth</p> <p><strong>PEDILOHELEA</strong> de Meillon &amp; Wirth, 1980: 9. Type species: <em>Forcipomyia clastrieri</em> Dessart, 1963, orig. des.<br> <strong>australis</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1991: 212. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>forcipis</strong> de Meillon &amp; Wirth, 1980: 18. Malaysia (Sabah); Australia (Qld), PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>proavia</strong> Debenham, 1987d: 642. Australia (ACT); Australia (NSW, Tas).<br> <strong>tasmani</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 27. NZ (NZ).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>PHYTOHELEA</strong> Remm</p> <p><strong>PHYTOHELEA</strong> Remm, 1971: 189. Type species: <em>Ceratopogon bromelicola</em> Lutz, 1914, orig. des.<br> <em>APELMA</em>, authors, not Kieffer, 1919, misid.<br> <em>TRICHOHELEA</em>, authors, not Goetghebuer, 1920, misid.<br> <strong>alocasiae</strong> Tokunaga, 1961c: 120. PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>belkini</strong> de Meillon &amp; Wirth, 1979: 198. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>brevis</strong> Johannsen, 1927: 205 (<em>Apelma</em>). Hawaiian Is.<br> <strong>fijiensis</strong> Macfie, 1945: 1 (<em>Apelma</em>). Fiji.<br> <strong>forfices</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 114. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>hamaticauda</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 212. Belau.<br> <strong>marksae</strong> Tokunaga, 1961c: 117. PNG (PNG); Australia (NSW, Qld).<br> <strong>oligarthra</strong> Saunders, 1957: 698. Puerto Rico; Belau, PNG (Bismarck Arch); Guyana, Mexico, Singapore, SE USA, widesp. Caribbean.<br> <strong>sabroskyi</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 211. Belau; Micronesia.</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>PTEROBOSCA</strong> Sclater</p> <p> <em>PTEROBOSCA</em> Macfie, 1932c: 266 (as gen.). Unavailable name: genus-group name proposed after 1930 without type-species designation.<br> <strong>PTEROBOSCA</strong> Sclater, 1933: 354 (as gen.). Type species: <em>Ceratopogon aeschnosuga</em> de Meijere, 1923, orig. des. [Genus-group name made available by bibliographic reference to Macfie, 1932c: 266.] [Check <em>Zoological Record</em> for 1932]<br> <strong>adhesipes</strong> Macfie, 1932c: 270 (<em>Pterobosca</em>). Indonesia (Irian Jaya &amp; Java); Micronesia, New Caledonia (New Caledonia); Ryukyu Is.<br> <strong>ariel</strong> Macfie, 1932c: 275 (<em>Pterobosca</em>). Indonesia (Maluku); Australia (NT, WA), New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>chrysopipennis</strong> Wirth, 1966: 29 (n. n. for <em>chrysopae</em> Tokunaga). Belau.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>chrysopae</em> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 235. Belau. [Preocc. Mayer, 1934.]<br> <strong>esakii</strong> Tokunaga, 1940a: 210 (<em>Pterobosca</em>). Northern Marianas; Belau, Guam.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>esakia</em> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 234 (unnec. n. n. for <em>esakii</em> Tokunaga). <br> <strong>feminae</strong> Tokunaga, 1940b: 100 (key) [1940e: 168] (<em>Pterobosca</em>). Belau; Micronesia.<br> <strong>fidens</strong> Macfie, 1936: 277 (<em>Pterobosca</em>). China (Hainan I); Kiribati (Gilbert Is), Marshall Is; Ryukyu Is.<br> <strong>fusicornis</strong> Coquillett, 1905b: 63 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). USA; Hawaiian Is [immigrant; not established]; New World.<br> <strong>lairdi</strong> Wirth, 1956: 363 (<em>Pterobosca</em>). Solomon Is.<br> <strong>odonatiphila</strong> Macfie, 1932c: 274 (<em>Pterobosca</em>). Indonesia (Irian Jaya); PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>ogatai</strong> Tokunaga, 1961a: 3. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>SALIOHELEA</strong> Wirth &amp; Ratanaworabhan</p> <p><strong>SALIOHELEA</strong> Wirth &amp; Ratanaworabhan, 1978: 494. Type species: <em>Forcipomyia leei</em> Wirth &amp; Ratanaworabhan, 1978, orig. des.<br> <strong>boudinoti</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1991: 216. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>deminuta</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 219. Micronesia; Belau.</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>SCHINEROMYIA</strong> Debenham</p> <p><strong>SCHINEROMYIA</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 67. Type species: <em>Forcipomyia gandangara</em> Debenham, 1987, orig. des.<br> <strong>gandangara</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 67. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>SCHIZOFORCIPOMYIA</strong> Chan &amp; Le Roux</p> <p><strong>SCHIZOFORCIPOMYIA</strong> Chan &amp; Le Roux, 1971: 271. Type species: <em>Forcipomyia petersoni</em> Chan &amp; Le Roux, 1971 [= <em>Forcipomyia borbonica</em> Clastrier, 1959], orig. des.<br> <strong>borbonica</strong> Clastrier, 1959: 436. R.union I; American Samoa, Australia (NT, Qld), Belau, Bonin Is, Guam, Hawaiian Is, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Micronesia, Northern Marianas; Cocos (Keeling) Is, India, Ivory Coast, Seychelles, Singapore.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>penniornata</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 163. Guam.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>fuscimaculata</em> Hardy, 1960: 170. Hawaiian Is.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>petersoni</em> Chan &amp; Le Roux, 1971: 272. Singapore.<br> <strong>chazeaui</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1991: 222. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>clavulus</strong> Debenham, 1987d: 639. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>lydiae</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1991: 219. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>monoceros</strong> Debenham, 1987d: 634. Australia (NSW); Australia (ACT, Qld).<br> <strong>yirrkala</strong> Debenham, 1987d: 636. Australia (NT); Australia (NSW).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>SYNTHYRIDOMYIA</strong> Saunders</p> <p><strong>SYNTHYRIDOMYIA</strong> Saunders, 1957: 688. Type species: <em>Lasiohelea acidicola</em> Tokunaga, 1937, orig. des.<br> <strong>ansericolli</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 59. Australia (NT).<br> <strong>bucera</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 55. Australia (Qld); Australia (NT).<br> <strong>caestuum</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 53. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>operimenti</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 58. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>oryx</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 54. Australia (NT).<br> <strong>tympanista</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 56. Australia (Qld); Australia (NT).<br> <strong>unituberculata</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 197. Belau.</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>THYRIDOMYIA</strong> Saunders</p> <p><strong>THYRIDOMYIA</strong> Saunders, 1925: 268 (as gen.). Type species: <em>Thyridomyia palustris</em> Saunders, 1925 [= <em>Ceratopogon monilicornis</em> Coquillett, 1905], orig. des.<br> <strong>carolinea</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 214. Belau.<br> <strong>frutetorum</strong> Winnertz, 1852: 29 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Germany; Australia (NSW, Qld), PNG (PNG); widesp. Afrotrop., Nearctic, Palearctic Regs.<br> <strong>hamata</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 207. Belau.<br> <strong>litoraurea</strong> Ingram &amp; Macfie, 1924a: 389 (Lasiohelea). Ghana; Australia, New Caledonia (New Caledonia); Algeria, The Gambia, S. Afr., ?USSR (Estonia).<br> <strong>masaakii</strong> Debenham, 1989: 235 (n.n. for <em>esakii</em> Tokunaga). Belau; Micronesia, Northern Marianas.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>esakii</em> Tokunaga, 1940d: 101 (key) [1940e: 169] (<em>Lasiohelea</em>). Belau. [Preocc. Tokunaga, 1940a.]<br> <strong>monilicornis</strong> Coquillett, 1905b: 63 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Canada; Australia (NSW, Qld); widesp. Afrotrop., Nearctic, Palearctic Regs.</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>TRICHOHELEA</strong> Goetghebuer</p> <p><em>APELMA</em> Kieffer, 1919b: 64 (as gen.). Type species: <em>Apelma auronitens</em> Kieffer, 1919, des. Macfie, 1940a: 16. [Preocc. Billberg, 1820.]<br> <strong>TRICHOHELEA</strong> Goetghebuer, 1920: 39 (as gen.). Type species: <em>Trichohelea tonnoiri</em> Goetghebuer, 1920 [= <em>Apelma auronitens</em> Kieffer, 1919], orig. des.<br> <em>NEOFORCIPOMYIA</em> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 200. Type species: <em>Ceratopogon pectinunguis</em> de Meijere, 1923, orig. des.<br> <strong>alienus</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 83. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>austrina</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 29. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>basiflava</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 202. Micronesia.<br> <strong>chirurgus</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 87. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>cliens</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 76. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>debenhamae</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1991: 228 (n.n. for <em>arcis</em> Debenham). Australia (NT); Australia (Qld), New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>arcis</em> Debenham, 1987a: 91. Australia (NT).<strong><br> ferrea</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 76. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>imparidentes</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 77. Fiji.<br> <strong>insignis</strong> Skuse, 1889e: 298 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld, Tas, WA).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>sydneyensis</em> Skuse, 1889e: 302 (Ceratopogon). Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>kuscheli</strong> Sublette &amp; Wirth, 1980: 330. NZ (Campbell I); NZ (Auckland Is).<br> <strong>lunata</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 90. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>pacifica</strong> Macfie, 1933b: 75 (<em>Lasiohelea</em>). French Polynesia (Society Is).<br> <strong>papuensis</strong> Lane &amp; Cotman, 1986: 617. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>pectinunguis</strong> de Meijere, 1923: 138 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Indonesia (Sumatra); American Samoa, Australia (Qld), Belau, Micronesia, New Caledonia (New Caledonia), Northern Marianas, PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>pennambula</strong> Macfie, 1932c: 279. Indonesia (Maluku).<br> <strong>quateriungula</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 293. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>samoensis</strong> Edwards, 1928c: 51 (<em>Lasiohelea</em>). Western Samoa; Indonesia (?Irian Jaya, Maluku).<br> <strong>scorpio</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 88. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>sector</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 83. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>tipulivora</strong> Macfie, 1936: 229. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>tumulus</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 92. Australia (NSW).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>TYPHONOMYIA</strong> Debenham</p> <p><strong>TYPHONOMYIA</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 93. Type species: <em>Forcipomyia anachoreta</em> Debenham, 1987, orig. des.<br> <strong>anachoreta</strong> Debenham, 1987a: 94. Australia (NSW).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>WARMKEA</strong> Saunders</p> <p><strong>WARMKEA</strong> Saunders, 1957: 671. Type species: <em>Forcipomyia bicolor</em> Saunders, 1957 [preocc., = <em>Forcipomyia lesliei</em> Wirth, 1974], orig. des.<br> <strong>albiacies</strong> Debenham, 1987b: 170. Australia (Qld).</p> <p align="center">Unplaced species of <em>Forcipomyia</em> Meigen</p> <p><strong>flaviventris</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 179 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). PNG (PNG); ?Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>lepidopus</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 179 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). PNG (PNG).</p> <p align="center">Subfamily DASYHELEINAE<br> Genus <strong>DASYHELEA</strong> Kieffer</p> <p><strong>DASYHELEA</strong> Kieffer, 1911e: 5. Type species: <em>Dasyhelea halophila</em> Kieffer, 1911, orig. des.<br> <strong>aeratipennis</strong> Skuse, 1889e: 303 (Ceratopogon). Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>atronotata</strong> Macfie, 1938: 158. Solomon Is.<br> <strong>aucklandensis</strong> Sublette &amp; Wirth, 1980: 331. NZ (Auckland Is).<br> <strong>calvescens</strong> Macfie, 1938: 157. Hawaiian Is.<br> <strong>carolinensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1941: 112. Micronesia; American Samoa, Belau, Tonga.<br> <strong>decempunctata</strong> Skuse, 1889e: 301 (Ceratopogon). Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>digna</strong> Borkent, 1996: 92. Hawaiian Is.<br> <strong>dupliforceps</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 264. Kiribati (Gilbert Is).<br> <strong>dybasi</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 291. Belau; Micronesia.<br> <strong>esakii</strong> Tokunaga, 1940a: 212. Micronesia; Belau, Kiribati (Gilbert Is), Marshall Is; Cocos (Keeling) Is.<br> <strong>excellentis</strong> Borkent, 1996: 91. Hawaiian Is.<br> <strong>flavescens</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 250. Marshall Is; Belau, Kiribati (Gilbert Is), Micronesia, Northern Marianas.<br> <strong>flavibasalis</strong> Tokunaga, 1940d: 118 (key) [1940e: 173]. Micronesia; Marshall Is.<br> <strong>flavicaudalis</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 248. Micronesia.<br> <strong>forsteri</strong> Grogan &amp; Wirth, 1981: 97. Solomon Is.<br> <strong>fulvicauda</strong> Macfie, 1933a: 101. French Polynesia (Marquesas); French Polynesia (Society Is); ?Indonesia, ?Taiwan.<br> <strong>fumala</strong> Tokunaga, 1940d: 117 (key) [1940e: 176]. Belau; Guam, Marshall Is, Micronesia.<br> <strong>furcillifera</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 275. Micronesia; Belau.<br> <strong>gressitti</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 251. Belau.<br> <strong>hawaiiensis</strong> Macfie, 1934a: 133. Hawaiian Is.<br> <strong>hihifoi</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1996: 311. Wallis &amp; Futuna.<br> <strong>i</strong><strong>hitchcocki</strong> Wirth, 1976: 381. Tonga.<br> <strong>humilis</strong> Macfie, 1938: 159. Solomon Is.<br> <strong>insularis</strong> Tokunaga, 1940a: 214. Micronesia; Belau, Kiribati (Gilbert Is), Northern Marianas.<br> <strong>insulicola</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 307. Marshall Is; Belau, Micronesia.<br> <strong>intonsa</strong> Debenham, 1987e: 347. Cocos (Keeling) Is; Belau, Guam, Marshall Is, Micronesia, Northern Marianas.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>perfida</em>, Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959, not Johannsen, 1931, misid.<br> <strong>jucunda</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 38. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>lineata</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 186 (<em>Culicoides</em>). PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>minuscula</strong> Skuse, 1889e: 299 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Australia (NSW); New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>multifascia</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 320. Micronesia.<br> <strong>myrmedon</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 188. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>neocaledoniensis</strong> Clastrier, 1988b: 79. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>nigella</strong> Skuse, 1889e: 300 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>nigripygma</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 310. Micronesia; Belau.<br> <strong>nigristigmata</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 246. Marshall Is.<br> <strong>nigroris</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 301. Micronesia; Guam.<br> <strong>oribates</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 40. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>pacifica</strong> Macfie, 1933a: 99. French Polynesia (Marquesas); French Polynesia (Society Is).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;var. <strong>pallida</strong> Macfie, 1933a: 100. French Polynesia (Marquesas).<br> <strong>palauensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1940d: 117 (key) [1940e: 177]. Belau; Guam, Kiribati (Gilbert Is), Micronesia, Northern Marianas.<br> <strong>pallivittae</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 269. Micronesia; Marshall Is.<br> <strong>palloris</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 298. Northern Marianas.<br> <strong>parvistylata</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 259. Micronesia; Belau.<br> <strong>peliliouensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1940d: 117 (key) [1940e: 177]. Belau; Guam, Kiribati (Gilbert Is), Micronesia, Northern Marianas.<br> <strong>platychaeta</strong> Hardy, 1960: 185. Hawaiian Is.<br> <strong>quaternihamata</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 295. Micronesia; Marshall Is, Northern Marianas.<br> <strong>radialis</strong> Edwards, 1928c: 53. Western Samoa.<br> <strong>raripilosa</strong> Tokunaga, 1940d: 117 (key) [1940e: 172]. Belau.<br> <strong>russa</strong> Macfie, 1933b: 79. French Polynesia (Society Is).<br> <strong>sabroskyi</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 273. Belau.<br> <strong>sagittifera</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 292. Northern Marianas; Belau, Marshall Is.<br> <strong>striipennis</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 312. Micronesia; Belau.<br> <strong>subgrata</strong> Tokunaga, 1961b: 180. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>subperfida</strong> Tokunaga, 1940d: 117 (key) [1940e: 174]. Belau; Bonin Is, Guam, Micronesia, Northern Marianas.<br> <strong>subscutellata</strong> Tokunaga, 1940d: 118 (key) [1940e: 175]. Belau; Guam, Micronesia, Northern Marianas.<br> <strong>townesi</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 267. Marshall Is; Micronesia, Northern Marianas.<br> <strong>truncata</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 297. Belau.<br> <strong>vittula</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 271. Guam; Belau, Micronesia, Northern Marianas.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p align="center">Subfamily CERATOPOGONINAE<br> Tribe CULICOIDINI<br> Genus <strong>CULICOIDES</strong> Latreille</p> <p><strong>CULICOIDES</strong> Latreille, 1809: 251. Type species: <em>Culicoides punctata</em> Latreille, 1809, mon.</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>AVARITIA</strong> Fox</p> <p><strong>AVARITIA</strong> Fox, 1955: 218. Type species: <em>Ceratopogon obsoletus</em> Meigen, 1818, orig. des.<br> <strong>actoni</strong> Smith, 1929: 255 [1932: 180]. India; N Australia, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), PNG (Bougainville I, PNG), Solomon Is; China, Japan, Ryukyu Is, widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>okumensis</em> Arnaud, 1956: 119. Ryukyu Is.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>robertsi</em>, Tokunaga, 1962, not Lee &amp; Reye, 1953, misid.<br> <strong>boophagus</strong> Macfie, 1937: 116. Malaysia (Pen); Australia (Qld), PNG (PNG); widesp. Oriental reg.<br> <strong>brevipalpis</strong> Delfinado, 1961: 654. Philippines; N Australia; Japan, widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> <strong>brevitarsis</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 187. &quot;Australie&quot;; Australia (NSW, NT, Qld, WA), Fiji, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Lord Howe I, New Caledonia (New Caledonia), PNG (PNG), Vanuatu; Japan, widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>robertsi</em> Lee &amp; Reye, 1953: 386. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>dikhros</strong> Tokunaga, 1962b: 507. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>fragmentum</strong> Tokunaga, 1962b: 507. PNG (PNG); PNG (Bismarck Arch), Solomon Is.<br> <strong>fulvus</strong> Sen &amp; Das Gupta, 1959: 628. India; N Australia, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), PNG (Bismarck Arch, Bougainville I), Solomon Is; widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> <strong>jacobsoni</strong> Macfie, 1934c: 215. Indonesia (Sumatra); Australia (Qld), Indonesia (Irian Jaya), PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG), Solomon Is, Vanuatu; Japan, widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>buckleyi</em> Macfie, 1937: 117. Malaysia (Pen).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>unisetiferus</em> Tokunaga, 1959: 236. PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>orientalis</strong> Macfie, 1932b: 490. India &amp; Indonesia (Java) &amp; &quot;Malay States&quot;; PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG); widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> <strong>pungens</strong> de Meijere, 1909c: 200. Indonesia (Sumatra); Australia (NT, Qld), Belau, Indonesia (Maluku), PNG (Bismarck Arch), Solomon Is; widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>obscurus</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 347. Belau.<br> <strong>wadai</strong> Kitaoka, 1980: 14. Ryukyu Is; Australia (NT, Qld, WA); Laos.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>suzukii</em>, authors, not Kitaoka, 1973, misid.</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>CULICOIDES</strong> Latreille</p> <p> CULICOIDES Latreille, 1809: 251 (as gen.). Type species: <em>Culicoides punctata</em> Latreille, 1809, mon.<br> <strong>jimmiensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 229. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>novaguineanus</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 223. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG).<br> <strong>peregrinus</strong> Kieffer, 1910b: 191. India; Australia (NT), Belau, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Micronesia; China, Japan, widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>judicandus</em> Bezzi, 1916: 8. Philippines.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>esmoneti</em> Salm, 1917: 136. Indonesia (Java).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>philippinensis</em> Kieffer, 1921d: 564. Philippines.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>lungchiensis</em> Chen &amp; Tsai, 1962: 397 (<em>peregrinus</em> ssp.). China.<br> <strong>sumatrae</strong> Macfie, 1934b: 190. Indonesia; Australia (Qld), PNG (PNG); N China, Japan, ?Korea, Ryukyu Is, widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>amamiensis</em> Tokunaga, 1937: 325. Ryukyu Is.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>kagiensis</em> Tokunaga, 1937: 327. Taiwan.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>assimilis</em> Delfinado, 1961: 660. Philippines.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>amamensis</em>, error for <em>amamiensis</em>.</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>DRYMODESMYIA</strong> Vargas</p> <p><strong>DRYMODESMYIA</strong> Vargas, 1960: 40. Type species: <em>Culicoides copiosus</em> Root &amp; Hoffman, 1937, orig. des.<br> <strong>loughnani</strong> Edwards, 1922d: 165. Jamaica; Australia (NSW, Qld); Caribbean, USA.</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>HAEMOPHORUCTUS</strong> Macfie</p> <p><strong>HAEMOPHORUCTUS</strong> Macfie, 1925: 349 (as gen.). Type species: <em>Haemophoructus maculipennis</em> Macfie, 1925, mon.<br> <strong>gemellus</strong> Macfie, 1934b: 192. Malaysia (Sabah); PNG (PNG); widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> <strong>gentilis</strong> Macfie, 1934b: 191. Malaysia (Pen); Indonesia (Irian Jaya), PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG); Philippines, Sri Lanka.</p> <p align="center"> Subgenus <strong>MARKSOMYIA</strong> Bellis &amp; Dyce</p> <p align="left"><strong>MARKSOMYIA </strong>Bellis &amp; Dyce, 2011: 36. Type species: <em>Culicoides marksi</em> Lee &amp; Reye, 1953, orig. des.<strong><br> dycei</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1953: 390. Australia (NSW); widesp. Australia.<br> <strong>kayi</strong> Bellis &amp; Dyce, 44. Australia (WA). <br> <strong> marksi</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1953: 392. Australia (NSW); widesp. Australia, PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>parvimaculatus</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1953: 391. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld, Vic).<br> <strong>pseudostigmatus</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 234. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>zentae</strong> Bellis &amp; Dyce, 44. Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW, NT, Vic, WA).<br> </p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>MEIJEREHELEA</strong> Wirth &amp; Hubert</p> <p><strong>MEIJEREHELEA</strong> Wirth &amp; Hubert, 1961: 23. Type species: <em>Ceratopogon guttifer</em> de Meijere, 1907, orig. des.<br> <em>arakawai</em> Arakawa--not Australasian/Oceanian.<br> <strong>guttifer</strong> de Meijere, 1907: 209 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Indonesia (Java); Belau, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG); widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> <strong>histrio</strong> Johannsen, 1946: 190 (<em>guttifer</em> var.). Guam; Australia (NSW, NT, Qld), Belau, Micronesia, PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG); widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>mackayensis</em> Lee &amp; Reye, 1953: 383. Australia (Qld).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <em>MONOCULICOIDES</em> Khalaf</p> <p><em>MONOCULICOIDES</em> Khalaf, 1954: 39. Type species: <em>Ceratopogon nubeculosis</em> Meigen, 1830, orig. des.<br> <em>variipennis</em> Coquillett, 1901b: 602 (Ceratopogon). USA; Hawaiian Is [immigrant; not established]; Nearctic Reg. to Mexico.</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>OECACTA</strong> Poey</p> <p><strong>OECACTA</strong> Poey, 1853: 238. Type species: <em>Oecacta furens</em> Poey, 1853, mon.<br> <strong>austropalpalis</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1955: 240 (n. n. for <em>palpalis</em> Lee &amp; Reye). Australia (Qld); widesp. Australia, PNG (PNG).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>palpalis</em> Lee &amp; Reye, 1953: 380. Australia (Qld). [Preocc. Macfie, 1948.]<br> <strong>bunrooensis</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1955: 238. Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>clavipalpis</strong> Mukerji, 1931: 1052. India; Australia (Qld); Japan, widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> <strong>esakii</strong> Esaki, 1939: 234. Micronesia; Belau.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>esakii</em> Tokunaga, 1940a: 217. Micronesia. [Preocc. Esaki, 1939.]<br> <strong>flavimaculinotalis</strong> Tokunaga, 1940d: 142 (key) [1940e: 180]. Micronesia; Belau.<br> <strong>flaviscriptus</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 252. PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>insulanus</strong> Macfie, 1933b: 77. French Polynesia (Society Is); American Samoa, Western Samoa.<br> <strong>marginalis</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1963: 354. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>multinotatae</strong> Tokunaga, 1962b: 481. PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>narrabeenensis</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1963: 357. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>nattaiensis</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1955: 237. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>neopalpalis</strong> Tokunaga, 1962b: 483. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>notatus</strong> Delfinado, 1961: 648. Philippines; Australia (Qld), PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG); Laos, Malaysia (Pen).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>papuae</em> Tokunaga, 1962b: 481. PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>pallidimaculosus</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 219. PNG (PNG); PNG (Bismarck Arch, Bougainville I).<br> <strong>parviscriptus</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 213. PNG (PNG); PNG (Bismarck Arch); Laos, Malaysia (Pen), Sri Lanka.<br> <strong>perornatus</strong> Delfinado, 1961: 651. Philippines; PNG (Bismarck Arch); Malaysia (Pen).<br> <strong>petersi</strong> Tokunaga, 1962b: 490. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>semicircum</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 208. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>smeei</strong> Tokunaga, 1960: 73. PNG (Bismarck Arch); Australia (Qld), PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>williwilli</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1955: 234. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>yasumatsui</strong> Tokunaga, 1941: 113. Micronesia; Belau, PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>lingensis</em> Tokunaga, 1963b: 129. PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>yoshimurai</strong> Tokunaga, 1941: 114. Micronesia; PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>REMMIA</strong> Glukhova</p> <p><strong>REMMIA</strong> Glukhova, 1977: 116. Type species: <em>Ceratopogon schultzei</em> Enderlein, 1908, orig. des.<br> <strong>oxystoma</strong> Kieffer, 1910b: 193. India; Australia (NT), Indonesia (Irian Jaya), PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG); China, Japan, widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>schultzei</em>, authors, not Enderlein, 1908, misid.</p> <p align="center"><br> Subgenus <strong>TOKUNAGAHELEA</strong> Dyce &amp; Meiswinkel</p> <p><strong>TOKUNAGAHELEA</strong> Dyce &amp; Meiswinkel, 1995: 131. type species: <em>Culicoides mikros</em> Dyce &amp; Meiswinkel, 1995, orig. des.<br> <strong>geocheloneoides</strong> Dyce &amp; Meiswinkel, 1995: 140. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>mikros</strong> Dyce &amp; Meiswinkel, 1995: 136. PNG (PNG); Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>pygmaeus</strong> Tokunaga, 1963b: 139. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Solomon Is.<br> </p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>TRITHECOIDES</strong> Wirth &amp; Hubert</p> <p><strong>TRITHECOIDES</strong> Wirth &amp; Hubert, 1959: 2. Type species: <em>Culicoides flaviscutatus</em> Wirth &amp; Hubert, 1959, orig. des.<br> <strong>anophelis</strong> Edwards, 1922d: 161. Malaysia (Pen); PNG (Bismarck Arch); China, Japan, widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> <strong>baisasi</strong> Wirth &amp; Hubert, 1959: 12. Philippines; Solomon Is; Malaysia (Pen).<br> <strong>barnetti</strong> Wirth &amp; Hubert, 1959: 32. Malaysia (Pen); PNG (Bismarck Arch, Bougainville I, PNG); Philippines, Thailand.<br> <strong>culiciphagus</strong> Wirth &amp; Hubert, 1959: 11. Solomon Is; Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>flavescens</strong> Macfie, 1937: 114 (<em>anophelis</em> var.). Malaysia (Pen); PNG (PNG), Solomon Is; Philippines, Thailand.<br> <strong>palpifer</strong> Das Gupta &amp; Ghosh, 1956: 122. India; PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG), Solomon Is; China, widesp. Oriental Reg.</p> <p align="center">Unplaced species of <em>Culicoides</em> Latreille</p> <p><strong>antennalis</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1953: 386. Australia (NSW); Australia (Vic).<br> <strong>ardentissimus</strong> Tokunaga, 1940a: 216. Micronesia; Belau.<br> <strong>ardleyi</strong> Tokunaga, 1962b: 474. PNG (PNG); PNG (Bougainville I), Solomon Is.<br> <strong>australiensis</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 188. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>bancrofti</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1953: 387. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld, Vic).<br> <strong>belkini</strong> Wirth &amp; Arnaud, 1969: 509. French Polynesia (Society Is); American Samoa, Cook Is, Fiji, French Polynesia (Tuamotu Arch), Solomon Is.<br> <strong>bodemensis</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1996: 302. Wallis &amp; Futuna.<br> <strong>bougainvillae</strong> Tokunaga, 1962b: 492. PNG (Bougainville I).<br> <strong>bundyensis</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1955: 239. Australia (NSW); Australia (ACT, Qld).<br> <strong>cancrisocius</strong> Macfie, 1946: 15. Fiji.<br> <strong>capricorniae</strong> Dyce &amp; Wirth, 1997: 586. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>chazeaui</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1996: 300. Wallis &amp; Futuna.<br> <strong>i</strong><strong>circumbasalis</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 232. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>claggi</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 338. Bonin Is.<br> <strong>cordiger</strong> Macfie, 1934b: 193. Malaysia (Pen); Australia (NT, Qld), PNG (Bismarck Arch); Philippines.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>magnesianus</em> Lee &amp; Reye, 1953: 358. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>coronalis</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1955: 234. Australia (Qld); Australia (NT).<br> <strong>costalis</strong> Tokunaga, 1963b: 132. PNG (Bougainville I); PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>crassus</strong> Tokunaga, 1962b: 508. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>cuniculus</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1953: 389. Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW, NT).<br> <strong>dubiosum</strong> Dyce &amp; Wirth, 1997: 591. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong></strong><strong>elizabethae</strong> Dyce &amp; Wirth, 1997: 584. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong></strong><strong>flavidorsalis</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 245. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>fulbrighti</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1963: 361. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>gladysae</strong> Kettle, Elson &amp; Dyce, 1976: 173. Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>henryi</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1963: 360. Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>hollandiensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 226. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>hornsbyensis</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1963: 361. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>hyalinus</strong> Tokunaga, 1962b: 472. PNG (PNG); Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>immaculatus</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1953: 375. Australia (Qld); Australia (NT), PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>inflatipalpalis</strong> Tokunaga, 1963b: 125. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>interrogatus</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1963: 358. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>kusaiensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1940a: 215. Micronesia; Belau, Marshall Is; Malaysia (Pen, Sabah).<br> <strong>leanderensis</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1963: 355. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>leei</strong> Tokunaga, 1960: 72. PNG (Bismarck Arch); N Australia, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), PNG (PNG).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>immaculatus</em>, Tokunaga, 1959, not Lee &amp; Reye, 1953, misid.<br> <strong>longior</strong> Hagan &amp; Reye, 1986: 340. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>longiradialis</strong> Tokunaga, 1962b: 499. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>mackerrasi</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1963: 355. Australia (NT); Australia (NSW, Qld).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>mackerasi</em>, error for <em>mackerrasi</em>.<br> <strong>maculiscutellaris</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 249. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>magnipictus</strong> Tokunaga, 1962b: 494. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>marmoratus</strong> Skuse, 1889e: 304 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld), PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>mcmillani</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1953: 391. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld, Vic).<br> <strong>meijerei</strong> Kieffer, 1919a: 192 (as <em>meijereri</em>; n. n. for <em>guttipennis</em> de Meijere). Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>guttipennis</em> de Meijere, 1906b: 69. Indonesia (Irian Jaya). [Preocc. Coquillett, 1901.]<br> <strong>melanesiae</strong> Macfie, 1939b: 368. PNG (Bismarck Arch); Australia (Qld), PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>molestus</strong> Skuse, 1889e: 305 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld, Vic).<br> <strong>mollis</strong> Edwards, 1928c: 55. Western Samoa; American Samoa, Fiji, Solomon Is.<br> <strong>monothecalis</strong> Tokunaga, 1962b: 509. PNG (PNG); PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>moreensis</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1955: 239. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>multimaculatus</strong> Taylor, 1918b: 169. Australia (Vic); ?Australia (SA).<br> <strong>mykytowyczi</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1963: 359. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>neomelanesiae</strong> Tokunaga, 1963b: 123. PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>melanesiae</em>, Tokunaga, 1962, not Macfie, 1939, misid.<br> <strong>novairelandi</strong> Tokunaga, 1962b: 512. PNG (Bismarck Arch); PNG (Bougainville I, PNG).<br> <strong>ornatus</strong> Taylor, 1913: 73. Australia (Qld); Australia (NT, WA), PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>palauensis</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 348. Belau.<br> <strong>pallidizonatus</strong> Tokunaga, 1963b: 135. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>pallidothorax</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1963: 362. Australia (NT).<br> <strong>papuensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1962b: 513. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>paragarciai</strong> Dyce, 1996: 313. PNG (PNG); Solomon Is.<br> <strong>paulipictus</strong> Tokunaga, 1977: 45. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>peliliouensis</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Esaki, 1936: 55. Belau; Micronesia; China, India, Malaysia (Pen), Philippines, Ryukyu Is, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand.<br> <strong>platiradius</strong> Tokunaga, 1963b: 128. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>polynesiae</strong> Wirth &amp; Arnaud, 1969: 518. American Samoa.<br> <strong>purus</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1963: 352. Australia (NSW); Australia (ACT), PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>quaterifasciatus</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 240. PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>queenslandae</strong> Dyce &amp; Wirth, 1997: 589. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong></strong><strong>rabauli</strong> Macfie, 1939b: 367. PNG (Bismarck Arch); E Australia, PNG (PNG).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>angularis</em> Lee &amp; Reye, 1953: 384. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>sabroskyi</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 336. Belau.<br> <strong>samoensis</strong> Wirth &amp; Arnaud, 1969: 513. American Samoa; Western Samoa.<br> <strong>shortti</strong> Smith &amp; Swaminath, 1932: 183. India; AustraliaNew Guinea; s. Palaearctic and Oriental regs.<br> <strong>sigmoidus</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1963: 359. Australia (ACT); Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>subimmaculatus</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1953: 375. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld, SA, Vic), Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>submagnesianus</strong> Tokunaga, 1962b: 484. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>tripallidus</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 220. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>tritenuifasciatus</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 242. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>trizonatus</strong> Tokunaga, 1963b: 134. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>victoriae</strong> Macfie, 1941: 67. Australia (Vic); widesp. Australia, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), PNG (PNG).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>magnimaculatus</em> Lee &amp; Reye, 1953: 388. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>waringi</strong> Lee &amp; Reye, 1955: 240. Australia (WA); Australia (SA, Vic).<br> <strong>xanthoceras</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 186. PNG (PNG).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>PARADASYHELEA</strong> Macfie</p> <p><strong>PARADASYHELEA</strong> Macfie, 1940a: 17. Type species: <em>Dasyhelea brevipalpis</em> Ingram &amp; Macfie, 1931, orig. des.<br> <strong>albipunctata</strong> Wirth &amp; Lee, 1959b: 116. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>boucheti</strong> Clastrier, 1989: 134. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>egregia</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 36 (<em>Dasyhelea</em>). NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>harrisoni</strong> Wirth, 1981: 384. NZ (Auckland Is).<br> <strong>minuta</strong> Wirth &amp; Lee, 1959b: 118. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>neocaledoniensis</strong> Clastrier, 1989: 135. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>reyei</strong> Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle, 1985a: 233. Australia (Qld).</p> <p align="center">Tribe CERATOPOGONINI<br> Genus <strong>ALLOHELEA</strong> Kieffer</p> <p><strong>ALLOHELEA</strong> Kieffer, 1917b: 364. Type species: <em>Sphaeromias pulchripennis</em> Kieffer, 1911, orig. des.<br> <strong>basiflava</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 248 (<em>Monohelea</em>). PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>harpagonifera</strong> Debenham, 1972: 9 (<em>Monohelea</em>). Australia (ACT); Australia (NSW, Vic).<br> <strong>insularis</strong> Tokunaga, 1941: 115 (<em>Monohelea</em>). Micronesia; Belau.<br> <strong>papuae</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 245 (<em>Monohelea</em>). PNG (Bismarck Arch); PNG (PNG); Indonesia (Kalimantan), Malaysia (Pen).<br> <strong>solidipedalis</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 247 (<em>Monohelea</em>). PNG (PNG); Australia (NT, Qld).<br> <strong>tricuspis</strong> Debenham, 1972: 10 (<em>Monohelea</em>). Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>yorkensis</strong> Debenham, 1972: 27 (<em>Monohelea</em>). Australia (Qld); Australia (NT).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>ALLUAUDOMYIA</strong> Kieffer</p> <p><strong>ALLUAUDOMYIA</strong> Kieffer, 1913e: 12. Type species: <em>Alluaudomyia imparunguis</em> Kieffer, 1913, orig. des.<br> <strong>alpina</strong> Debenham, 1971: 146. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>annulipes</strong> Wirth &amp; Delfinado, 1964: 637. Thailand; Australia (NT, Qld), PNG (PNG); Malaysia (Pen).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ssp. <strong>australiensis</strong> Debenham, 1971: 133. Australia (Qld); Australia (NT), PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>appendiculata</strong> Debenham, 1971: 151. Australia (NSW); Australia (ACT, Qld).<br> <strong>astera</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 222. PNG (Bougainville I).<br> <strong>bicornis</strong> Debenham, 1971: 159. Australia (NT); Australia (NSW, Qld).<br> <strong>bifasciata</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 220. PNG (Bismarck Arch); Indonesia (Irian Jaya), PNG (PNG), Solomon Is.<br> <strong>bipunctata</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 356. Belau; Fiji, Micronesia.<br> <strong>boucheti</strong> Clastrier, 1986: 194. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>brandti</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 223. PNG (PNG); Australia (NT).<br> <strong>epsteini</strong> Giles &amp; Wirth, 1987: 459. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>exigua</strong> Clastrier, 1986: 193. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>fragmentum</strong> Debenham, 1971: 163. Australia (NT).<br> <strong>fumosipennis</strong> Debenham, 1971: 135. Australia (NT); Australia (NSW, Qld).<br> <strong>immaculata</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 219. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>insulana</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 358. Micronesia; PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>insulicola</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 361. Micronesia.<br> <strong>jimmensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 229. PNG (PNG); Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>latipennis</strong> Skuse, 1889e: 308 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>maculosipennis</strong> Tokunaga, 1940d: 154 (key) [1940e: 181]. Micronesia; Belau; Sri Lanka, Taiwan.<br> <strong>melanesiae</strong> Clastrier, 1986: 190. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>monopunctata</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 354. Micronesia.<br> <strong>mouensis</strong> Giles &amp; Wirth, 1987: 463. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>neocaledoniensis</strong> Clastrier, 1986: 188. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>pacifica</strong> Clastrier, 1986: 195. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>papuae</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 217. PNG (Bismarck Arch); PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>personata</strong> Debenham, 1971: 133. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>petersi</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 228. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>platipyga</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 221. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>poguei</strong> Giles &amp; Wirth, 1987: 461. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>reyei</strong> Debenham, 1971: 157. Australia (NT); Australia (Qld, WA).<br> <strong>smeei</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 230. PNG (Bismarck Arch); PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>spinosipes</strong> Tokunaga, 1962a: 206. Ryukyu Is; PNG (PNG); widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>novaguineae</em> Tokunaga, 1963a: 224. PNG (PNG).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>novaguineana</em>, error for <em>novaguineae</em>.<br> <strong>tenuistylata</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 296. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Australia (Qld), Fiji, PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>tillierorum</strong> Clastrier, 1986: 191. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>tokunagai</strong> Wirth &amp; Delfinado, 1964: 633 (n. n. for <em>splendida</em> Tokunaga). PNG (Bismarck Arch); Australia (NT, Qld), PNG (PNG).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>splendida</em> Tokunaga, 1963a: 216. PNG (Bismarck Arch). [Preocc. Winnertz, 1852.]<br> <strong>unguistyla</strong> Debenham, 1971: 139. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>varia</strong> Debenham, 1971: 154. Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>verecunda</strong> Debenham, 1971: 143. PNG (PNG).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>AUSTROHELEA</strong> Wirth &amp; Grogan</p> <p><strong>AUSTROHELEA</strong> Wirth &amp; Grogan, 1988: 22. Type species: <em>Monohelea shannoni</em> Wirth &amp; Blanton, 1972, orig. des.<br> <strong>antipodalis</strong> Ingram &amp; Macfie, 1931b: 205 (<em>Monohelea</em>). NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>brevipes</strong> Lee, 1948c: 355 (<em>Monohelea</em>). Australia (WA).<br> <strong>campbellensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1964b: 289 (<em>Monohelea</em>). NZ (Campbell I).<br> <strong>ferruginea</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 49 (<em>Monohelea</em>). NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>tasmaniensis</strong> Lee, 1948c: 354 (<em>Monohelea</em>). Australia (Tas).<br> <strong>tonnoiri</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 46 (<em>Monohelea</em>). NZ (NZ).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>BRACHYPOGON</strong> Kieffer</p> <p><strong>BRACHYPOGON</strong> Kieffer, 1899: 69. Type species: <em>Ceratopogon vitiosus</em> Winnertz, 1852, orig. des.<br> <strong></strong></p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>BRACHYPOGON</strong> Kieffer</p> <p><strong>BRACHYPOGON</strong> Kieffer, 1899: 69. (as gen.)Type species: <em>Ceratopogon vitiosus</em> Winnertz, 1852, orig. des.<br> <strong>artemis</strong> Debenham, 1991: 771. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>bifurcus</strong> Debenham, 1991: 780. Australia (NSW); Australia (ACT, Qld).<br> <strong></strong><strong>bryanae</strong> Debenham, 1991: 774. Australia (NSW); Australia (ACT).<br> <strong></strong><strong>corniger</strong> Debenham, 1991: 777. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong></strong><strong>curtus</strong> Debenham, 1991: 796. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong></strong><strong></strong><strong>gearyae</strong> Debenham, 1991: 786. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong></strong><strong></strong><strong>gravidus</strong> Debenham, 1991: 790. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong></strong><strong></strong><strong>griffithsae</strong> Debenham, 1991: 797. Australia (Qld); Australia (NT).<br> <strong></strong><strong></strong><strong>hercules</strong> Debenham, 1991: 788. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong></strong><strong></strong><strong>idolon</strong> Debenham, 1991: 791. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong></strong><strong></strong><strong>institor</strong> Debenham, 1991: 796. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong></strong><strong></strong><strong>insulicola</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 350 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Micronesia.<br> <strong>kraussi</strong> Grogan &amp; Wirth, 1981: 93. Solomon Is.<br> <strong>lorica</strong> Debenham, 1991: 793. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong></strong><strong></strong><strong>medusae</strong> Debenham, 1991: 778. Australia (NSW); Australia (ACT).<br> <strong></strong><strong>nicolaii</strong> Debenham, 1991: 798. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong></strong><strong></strong><strong>novaguineae</strong> Tokunaga, 1964c: 294 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>peregrinator</strong> Edwards, 1928c: 56 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Western Samoa.<br> <strong>petersi</strong> Tokunaga, 1964c: 293 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>pollices</strong> Debenham, 1991: 783. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong></strong><strong>subiectus</strong> Debenham, 1991: 789. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong></strong><strong></strong><strong>tabernaculum</strong> Debenham, 1991: 784. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong></strong><strong>tokunagai</strong> Grogan &amp; Wirth, 1981: 96. Solomon Is.</p> <p align="center"><br> Subgenus <strong>ISOHELEA</strong> Kieffer</p> <p><strong>ISOHELEA</strong> Kieffer, 1917: 295. Type species: <em>Ceratopogon lacteipennis</em> Zetterstedt, 1838 (<em>sensu</em> Winnertz) [misid., = <em>Psilohelea sociabilis</em> Goetghebeur, 1920], orig. des.<br> <strong>dehiscens</strong> Debenham, 1991: 802. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong></strong><strong>hadrosaurus</strong> Debenham, 1991: 801. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong></strong></p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>SARISSOHELEA</strong> Debenham</p> <p><strong>SARISSOHELEA</strong> Debenham, 1991: 798. type species: <em>Brachypogon kraussi</em> Grogan &amp; Wirth, 1981, orig. des.<br> <strong>alexandros</strong> Debenham, 1991: 800. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong></strong><strong>maai</strong> Tokunaga, 1964c: 298 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>papuensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1964c: 296 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). PNG (PNG).<br> </p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>CHIMAEROHELEA</strong> Debenham</p> <p><strong>CHIMAEROHELEA</strong> Debenham, 1988: 801. Type species: <em>Chimaerohelea caligula</em> Debenham, 1988, orig. des.<br> <strong>caligula</strong> Debenham, 1988: 803. Australia (Qld).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>DOWNESHELEA</strong> Wirth &amp; Grogan</p> <p><strong>DOWNESHELEA</strong> Wirth &amp; Grogan, 1988: 50. Type species: <em>Monohelea stonei</em> Wirth, 1953, orig. des.<br> <strong>leei</strong> Debenham, 1972: 16 (Monohelea). Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>mcdanieli</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 411 (<em>Monohelea</em>). Belau.<br> <strong>nigra</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 243 (<em>Monohelea</em>). PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>sepikensis</strong> Debenham, 1972: 13 (<em>Monohelea</em>). PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>stenochora</strong> Wirth &amp; Giles, 1990: 446. Fiji.<br> <strong>unimaculata</strong> Debenham, 1972: 5 (<em>Monohelea</em>). Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>xanthogonua</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 242 (<em>Monohelea</em>). PNG (PNG).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>ECHINOHELEA</strong> Macfie</p> <p><strong>ECHINOHELEA</strong> Macfie, 1940b: 187. Type species: <em>Echinohelea ornatipennis</em> Macfie, 1940, orig. des.<br> <strong>australiensis</strong> Debenham, 1970c: 152. Australia (ACT); Australia (NSW), New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>flava</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 235. PNG (Bismarck Arch); Fiji, PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>hardyi</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 235. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>laensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 236. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>longirostris</strong> Debenham, 1970c: 147. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>moresbyensis</strong> Debenham, 1970c: 149. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>notipes</strong> Debenham, 1970c: 152. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>pallida</strong> Debenham, 1970c: 155. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>papuensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 112. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>pictipennis</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 231. PNG (PNG); Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>zonata</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 234. PNG (PNG).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>HETEROCERATOPOGON</strong> Wirth &amp; Grogan</p> <p><strong>HETEROCERATOPOGON</strong> Wirth &amp; Grogan, 1988: 56. Type species: <em>Heteroceratopogon poguei</em> Wirth &amp; Grogan, 1988, orig. des.<br> <strong>poguei</strong> Wirth &amp; Grogan, 1988: 57. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>HETEROHELEA</strong> Clastrier</p> <p><strong>HETEROHELEA</strong> Clastrier, 1985a: 272. Type species: <em>Heterohelea minutissima</em> Clastrier, 1985, orig. des.<br> <strong>minutissima</strong> Clastrier, 1985a: 272. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>MACRUROHELEA</strong> Ingram &amp; Macfie</p> <p><strong>MACRUROHELEA</strong> Ingram &amp; Macfie, 1931a: 203. Type species: <em>Macrurohelea caudata</em> Ingram &amp; Macfie, 1931, orig. des.<br> <strong>commoni</strong> Lee, 1963: 339. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>dycei</strong> Grogan &amp; Wirth, 1985: 133. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>leei</strong> Grogan &amp; Wirth, 1985: 131. Australia (Qld).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>MONOHELEA</strong> Kieffer</p> <p><strong>MONOHELEA</strong> Kieffer, 1917b: 294. Type species: <em>Monohelea hieroglyphica</em> Kieffer, 1917, orig. des.<br> <strong>accipiter</strong> Debenham, 1972: 34. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>albiclavatoris</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 407. Micronesia.<br> <strong>annulata</strong> Debenham, 1972: 18. Australia (NT); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>beaveri</strong> Wirth &amp; Giles, 1990: 448. Fiji.<br> <strong>bidens</strong> Debenham, 1972: 35. Australia (ACT); Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>boucheti</strong> Clastrier, 1993: 161. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>boudinoti</strong> Clastrier, 1993: 160. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>candescens</strong> Debenham, 1972: 25. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>chazeaui</strong> Clastrier, 1985c: 752. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>clavipes</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 48. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>coloisuvae</strong> Wirth &amp; Giles, 1990: 449. Fiji.<br> <strong>dorsotaeniata</strong> Clastrier, 1985c: 756. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>falcata</strong> Debenham, 1972: 7. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>fijiensis</strong> Wirth &amp; Giles, 1990: 451. Fiji.<br> <strong>gemina</strong> Debenham, 1972: 39. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>hyalinipennis</strong> Clastrier, 1993: 162. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>impunctatipennis</strong> Clastrier, 1985c: 748. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>inflatistyla</strong> Debenham, 1972: 30. Australia (NSW); Australia (ACT, Qld).<br> <strong>leveri</strong> Wirth &amp; Giles, 1990: 452. Fiji.<br> <strong>lutea</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 241. PNG (PNG); Australia (NT, Qld).<br> <strong>minuscula</strong> Clastrier, 1985c: 758. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>neocaledonica</strong> Clastrier, 1993: 158. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>novaguinensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1959a: 309. NG (PNG).<br> <strong>nubeculosa</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 45. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>ornatissima</strong> Clastrier, 1985c: 750. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>palauensis</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 408. Belau.<br> <strong>palustria</strong> Debenham, 1972: 28. Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW, Vic).<br> <strong>phoenix</strong> Debenham, 1972: 38. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>ponticulifera</strong> Debenham, 1972: 38. Australia (ACT); Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>radialis</strong> Debenham, 1972: 22. Australia (Qld); Australia (NT).<br> <strong>scutofasciata</strong> Clastrier, 1985c: 754. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>smeei</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 239. PNG (Bismarck Arch); Australia (NT, Qld).<br> <strong>tigrina</strong> Skuse, 1889e: 306 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Australia (NSW); ?PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>umbrosipennis</strong> Debenham, 1972: 32. Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW, Tas), PNG (PNG).<br> <br> </p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>NANNOHELEA</strong> Grogan &amp; Wirth</p> <p><strong>NANNOHELEA</strong> Grogan &amp; Wirth, 1980: 374. Type species: <em>Ceratopogon bourioni</em> Clastrier, 1961, orig. des.<br> <strong>fuscipennis</strong> Tokunaga, 1964c: 298 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). PNG (Bismarck Arch); PNG (PNG); Malaysia (Pen).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>SERROMYIA</strong> Meigen</p> <p><strong>SERROMYIA</strong> Meigen, 1818: 83. Type species: <em>Ceratopogon femoratus</em> Meigen, 1804 (as <em>femoratus</em> Fab. with <em>Serromyia geniculata</em> Meigen in synonymy), mon. [Generic name first published in synonymy with <em>Ceratopogon</em> but available under I.C.Z.N. Code Art. 11.6.1.]<br> <strong>esakii</strong> Tokunaga, 1940a: 218. Micronesia; Belau; Malaysia (Sabah), Philippines.<br> <strong>reyei</strong> Debenham, 1970d: 161. Australia (NT).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>STILOBEZZIA</strong> Kieffer</p> <p><strong>STILOBEZZIA</strong> Kieffer, 1911b: 118. Type species: <em>Stilobezzia festiva</em> Kieffer, 1911, orig. des.</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>ACANTHOHELEA</strong> Kieffer</p> <p><strong>ACANTHOHELEA</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 198 (as gen.). Type species: <em>Acanthohelea pruinosa</em> Kieffer, 1917, mon.<br> <em>NEOSTILOBEZZIA</em> Goetghebuer, 1934: 53. Unavailable name; genus-group name proposed after 1930 without type-species designation.<br> <em>NEOSTILOBEZZIA</em> Wirth, 1953: 63. Type species: <em>Ceratopogon ochraceus</em> Winnertz, 1852, orig. des.<br> <strong>acrotrichis</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 301. PNG (PNG); Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>albiabdominalis</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 368. Micronesia.<br> <strong>antipodalis</strong> Ingram &amp; Macfie, 1931b: 203. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>armatibiae</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 260. PNG (Bismarck Arch); PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>badia</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 41. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>biangulata</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 274. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>bifurcata</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 307. PNG (PNG); Fiji, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>brandti</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 276. PNG (PNG); Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>calcaris</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 382. Micronesia; Belau.<br> <strong>centripictura</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 252. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>clavicula</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 270. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>crassiforceps</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 266. PNG (PNG); Indonesia (Irian Jaya), PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>eliptaminensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 265. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>fitzroyensis</strong> Lee, 1948c: 350. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>fulviscuta</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 399. Micronesia; Belau.<br> <strong>fuscigenua</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 373. Belau; Micronesia.<br> <strong>fusciscutellata</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 376. Micronesia.<br> <strong>fusistylata</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 392. Micronesia.<br> <strong>genitalis</strong> Lee, 1948c: 349. Australia (Tas).<br> gressitti Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 372. Micronesia.<br> <strong>latiforceps</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 386. Belau; Micronesia.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ssp. <strong>latiforceps</strong> s. str. Belau; Micronesia.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ssp. <strong>setigera</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 387. Belau.<br> <strong>longistyla</strong> Tokunaga, 1941: 117. Micronesia.<br> <strong>maai</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 264. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>nebulosa</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 252. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>nigriapicalis</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 275. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>ohakunei</strong> Ingram &amp; Macfie, 1931b: 202. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>pallidicornis</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 366. Belau.<br> <strong>papuae</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 272. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>postcervix</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 303. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG).<br> <strong>pruinosa</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 198 (<em>Acanthohelea</em>). Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>reflexa</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 269. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>samoana</strong> Edwards, 1928c: 57. Western Samoa.<br> <strong>setigeripes</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 268. PNG (PNG); Indonesia (Irian Jaya), PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>setigeriscutellata</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 394. Micronesia.<br> <strong>similisegmenta</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 306. PNG (PNG); Indonesia (Irian Jaya), PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>spadicicoxalis</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 396. Micronesia; Belau.<br> <strong>spadicitibialis</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 370. Micronesia; PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>spinifemorata</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 262. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>subsoror</strong> Tokunaga, 1941: 116. Micronesia; Belau.<br> <strong>tasmaniensis</strong> Lee, 1948c: 347. Australia (Tas).<br> <strong>tenuiforceps</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 384. Belau.<br> <strong>thyridofera</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 304. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>tonnoiri</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 43. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>truncata</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 389. Micronesia; Belau.<br> <strong>unifascidorsalis</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 379. Belau.<br> <strong>vittula</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 260. PNG (PNG).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>DEBENHAMIA</strong> Wirth &amp; Grogan</p> <p><strong>DEBENHAMIA</strong> Wirth &amp; Grogan, 1988: 89. Type species: <em>Stilobezzia collessi</em> Wirth &amp; Grogan, 1988, orig. des.<br> <strong>collessi</strong> Wirth &amp; Grogan, 1988: 90. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>dycei</strong> Wirth &amp; Grogan, 1988: 92. Australia (WA).</p> <p align="center">Subgenus <strong>STILOBEZZIA</strong> Kieffer</p> <p><strong>STILOBEZZIA</strong> Kieffer, 1911b: 118 (as gen.). Type species: <em>Stilobezzia festiva</em> Kieffer, 1911, orig. des.<br> <strong>basizonata</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 254. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>bizonata</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 256. PNG (PNG); PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>browni</strong> Wirth &amp; Giles, 1990: 454. Fiji.<br> <strong>flavizonata</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 263. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>hollandia</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 299. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG).<br> <strong>inermipes</strong> Kieffer, 1912a: 8. Sri Lanka; Belau, Guam, Micronesia; widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>esakiana</em> Tokunaga, 1940d: 155 (key) [1940e: 183]. Micronesia.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>inusitata</em> Johannsen, 1946: 190 (<em>Eukraiohelea</em>). Guam.<br> <strong>longihamata</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 258. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>maculipes</strong> Macfie, 1933a: 103. French Polynesia (Marquesas).<br> <strong>notata</strong> de Meijere, 1907: 210 (<em>Ceratopogon</em>). Indonesia (Java); Indonesia (Irian Jaya); China, Japan, widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> <strong>palpalis</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 255. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>pictipes</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 191. Australia (NSW); widesp. Australia.<br> <strong>subviridis</strong> Macfie, 1934c: 218. Indonesia (Sumatra); Belau, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Micronesia; Japan, widesp. Oriental Reg.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>esakii</em> Tokunaga, 1940d: 155 (key) [1940e: 183]. Micronesia.<br> <strong>tenebrosa</strong> Macfie, 1933a: 101. French Polynesia (Marquesas); French Polynesia (Society Is).<br> <strong>unifasciata</strong> Tokunaga, 1963a: 262. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).</p> <p align="center">Tribe HETEROMYIINI<br> Genus <strong>CLINOHELEA</strong> Kieffer</p> <p><strong>CLINOHELEA</strong> Kieffer, 1917b: 295. Type species: <em>Ceratopogon variegatus</em> Winnertz, 1852, orig. des.<br> <strong>dryas</strong> Debenham, 1974: 12. Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>flagellata</strong> Edwards, 1916b: 500 (Palpomyia). Australia (NT).<br> <strong>hollandiae</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 111. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>papuensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 109. PNG (PNG); Australia (Qld), Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>tasmaniensis</strong> Lee, 1948d: 65. Australia (Tas); Australia (ACT, NSW, Qld), Fiji.<br> <strong>tenuipes</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 110. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>tenuissima</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 195 (<em>Sphaeromias</em>). PNG (PNG).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>METAHELEA</strong> Edwards</p> <p><strong>METAHELEA</strong> Edwards, 1929b: 12. Type species: <em>Metahelea metallescens</em> Edwards, 1929, mon.<br> <strong>bifasciata</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 194 (<em>Palpomyia</em>). Australia (Qld); Australia (NT).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>PELLUCIDOMYIA</strong> Macfie</p> <p><strong>PELLUCIDOMYIA</strong> Macfie, 1939a: 99. Type species: <em>Pellucidomyia ugandae</em> Macfie, 1939, orig. des.<br> <strong>dycei</strong> Debenham, 1970a: 137. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>leei</strong> Wirth, 1960: 2. Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW, Vic).</p> <p align="center">Tribe SPHAEROMIINI<br> Genus <strong>CRISPOMYIA</strong> Debenham</p> <p><strong>CRISPOMYIA</strong> Debenham, 1974: 48. Type species: <em>Crispomyia receptaculum</em> Debenham, 1974, orig. des.<br> <strong>monacha</strong> Debenham, 1974: 52. Australia (WA).<br> <strong>receptaculum</strong> Debenham, 1974: 51. Australia (WA).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>HEBETULA</strong> Wirth &amp; Debenham</p> <p><strong>HEBETULA</strong> Wirth &amp; Debenham, 1977: 282. Type species: <em>Mixohelea lemur</em> Debenham, 1974, orig. des.<br> <strong>armiger</strong> Debenham, 1974: 20 (<em>Mixohelea</em>). Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>atypipennis</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 127 (<em>Palpomyia</em>). Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>bisulca</strong> Debenham, 1974: 24 (<em>Mixohelea</em>). Australia (WA).<br> <strong>centonis</strong> Debenham, 1974: 21 (<em>Mixohelea</em>). Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>gladiator</strong> Debenham, 1974: 23 (<em>Mixohelea</em>). Australia (ACT).<br> <strong>imparunguis</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 194 (<em>Palpomyia</em>). PNG (PNG); ?Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>australiensis</em> Kieffer, 1917b: 364 (<em>Mixohelea</em>; unnec. n. n. for <em>imparunguis</em> Kieffer).<br> <strong>infirmior</strong> Debenham, 1974: 28 (<em>Mixohelea</em>). Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>latifrons</strong> Debenham, 1974: 29 (<em>Mixohelea</em>). Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>lemur</strong> Debenham, 1974: 32 (<em>Mixohelea</em>). Australia (WA).<br> <strong>luctus</strong> Debenham, 1974: 31 (<em>Mixohelea</em>). Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>maai</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 115 (<em>Xenohelea</em>). Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>matileorum</strong> Clastrier, 1985a: 268. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>muroides</strong> Debenham, 1974: 30 (<em>Mixohelea</em>). Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>novaebritainica</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 130 (<em>Palpomyia</em>). PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>novaecaledoniae</strong> Clastrier, 1985a: 271. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>sarmensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 116 (<em>Xenohelea</em>). Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>sensilis</strong> Debenham, 1974: 27 (<em>Mixohelea</em>). Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>tonnoiri</strong> Lee, 1948d: 66 (<em>Xenohelea</em>). Australia (Tas); E Australia, Fiji, PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>uveae</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1996: 308. Wallis &amp; Futuna.<br> <strong>i</strong><strong>versicolor</strong> Debenham, 1974: 35 (<em>Mixohelea</em>). Australia (WA).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>HOMOHELEA</strong> Kieffer</p> <p><strong>HOMOHELEA</strong> Kieffer, 1917b: 363. Type species: <em>Palpomyia abjuncta</em> Kieffer, 1913, des. Macfie, 1940a: 26.<br> <strong>kraussi</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 415 (<em>Sphaeromias</em>). Guam.<br> </p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>JENKINSHELEA</strong> Macfie</p> <p><em>JENKINSIA</em> Kieffer, 1913d: 165. Type species: <em>Jenkinsia setosipennis</em> Kieffer, 1913, orig. des. [Preocc. Jordan &amp; Evermann, 1896.]<br> <strong>JENKINSHELEA</strong> Macfie, 1934b: 177 (n. n. for <em>Jenkinsia</em>).<br> <strong>papuae</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 104. PNG (PNG).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>JOHANNSENOMYIA</strong> Malloch</p> <p><strong>JOHANNSENOMYIA</strong> Malloch, 1915a: 332. Type species: <em>Johannsenomyia halteralis</em> Malloch, 1915 [= <em>Ceratopogon argentatus</em> Loew, 1861], des. Wirth, 1952a: 211.<br> <em>DICROHELEA</em> Kieffer, 1917b: 363. Type species: <em>Palpomyia filicornis</em> Kieffer, 1910, des. Macfie, 1940a: 26.<br> <strong>abdominalis</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 120 (<em>Dicrohelea</em>). PNG (PNG); Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>lalokiensis</strong> Lee, 1948d: 69 (<em>Dicrohelea</em>). PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>maai</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 122 (<em>Dicrohelea</em>). Indonesia (Irian Jaya); PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>novaebrittanica</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 118 (<em>Dicrohelea</em>). PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>novaeguineae</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 119 (<em>Dicrohelea</em>). Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Australia (Qld), PNG (PNG).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>novaguineae</em>, error for <em>novaeguineae</em>.<br> <strong>petersi</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 151 (<em>Probezzia</em>). PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>scriba</strong> Debenham, 1974: 39. PNG (PNG).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>LANATOMYIA</strong> Debenham</p> <p><strong>LANATOMYIA</strong> Debenham, 1974: 43. Type species: <em>Lanatomyia miles</em> Debenham, 1974, orig. des.<br> <strong>electra</strong> Debenham, 1974: 46. Australia (NT); Australia (Qld, WA).<br> <strong>miles</strong> Debenham, 1974: 44. Australia (ACT); Australia (NSW, Qld).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>LEEHELEA</strong> Debenham</p> <p><strong>LEEHELEA</strong> Debenham, 1974: 54. Type species: <em>Homohelea hollandiensis</em> Tokunaga, 1966, orig. des.<br> <strong>hispida</strong> Debenham, 1974: 57. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>hollandiensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 123 (<em>Homohelea</em>). Indonesia (Irian Jaya); PNG (PNG); Thailand.<br> <strong>leucophaeata</strong> Debenham, 1974: 60. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>wasselli</strong> Debenham, 1974: 58. Australia (Qld); Australia (NT).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>MACKERRASOMYIA</strong> Debenham</p> <p><strong>MACKERRASOMYIA</strong> Debenham, 1970b: 140. Type species: <em>Heteromyia brevibarba</em> Kieffer, 1917, orig. des.<br> <strong>brevibarba</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 192 (<em>Heteromyia</em>). Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>marginata</strong> Debenham, 1970b: 143. Australia (Qld).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>MALLOCHOHELEA</strong> Wirth</p> <p><strong>MALLOCHOHELEA</strong> Wirth, 1962: 278. Type species: <em>Johannsenomyia albibasis</em> Malloch, 1915, orig. des.<br> <em>JOHANNSENOMYIA</em>, authors, not Malloch, 1915, misid.<br> <strong>aspera</strong> Debenham, 1974: 88. Australia (Tas).<br> <strong>australiensis</strong> Lee, 1948d: 67 (<em>Johannsenomyia</em>). Australia (ACT); Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>hardyi</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 139 (<em>Nilobezzia</em>). PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>sabroskyi</strong> Tokunaga<em> in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 412 (<em>Palpomyia</em>). Belau; Micronesia.<br> <strong>satelles</strong> Debenham, 1974: 86. Australia (NSW); Australia (ACT, Qld).<br> <strong>senex</strong> Debenham, 1974: 89. Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>stygia</strong> Debenham, 1974: 85 (n. n. for <em>nigra</em> Tokunaga). PNG (PNG).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>nigra</em> Tokunaga, 1966: 124 (<em>Johannsenomyia</em>). PNG (PNG). [Preocc. Goetghebuer, 1933.]<br> <strong>tumidicornis</strong> Debenham, 1974: 87, Australia (Qld).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>NEOSPHAEROMIAS</strong> Das Gupta &amp; Wirth</p> <p><strong>NEOSPHAEROMIAS</strong> Das Gupta &amp; Wirth, 1971: 875. Type species: <em>Neosphaeromias gibbus</em> Das Gupta &amp; Wirth, 1971, orig. des.<br> <strong>choriodes</strong> Grogan &amp; Wirth, 1982: 198. Solomon Is.</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>NILOBEZZIA</strong> Kieffer</p> <p><strong>NILOBEZZIA</strong> Kieffer, 1921g: 24. Type species: <em>Nilobezzia armata</em> Kieffer, 1921, mon.<br> <strong>aranea</strong> Debenham, 1974: 72. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>basispinigera</strong> Debenham, 1974: 74. Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW, Vic).<br> <strong>curticornis</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 196 (Bezzia). Australia (NSW); widesp. Australia.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>triquetrinotata</em> Debenham, 1974: 64. Australia (NSW). <br> <strong>fijiensis</strong> Wirth &amp; Giles, 1990: 456. Fiji.<br> <strong>fuscitarsis</strong> Debenham, 1974: 78. Australia (Qld); Australia (NSW, NT).<br> <strong>maai</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 140. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>simplicior</strong> Debenham, 1974: 77. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld, WA).<br> <strong>subtilicrinus</strong> Debenham, 1974: 80. Australia (NT); Australia (Qld).<br> <strong>virago</strong> Debenham, 1974: 68. Australia (NT); Australia (Qld, WA).<br> <strong>whartoni</strong> Lee, 1948b: 343. PNG (PNG); Australia (NSW, Qld).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>SPHAEROMIAS</strong> Curtis</p> <p><em>SPHAEROMIAS</em> Stephens, 1829a: 52 [1829b: 236]. <em>Nomen nudum</em>.<br> <strong>SPHAEROMIAS</strong> Curtis, 1829: 285. Type species: <em>Sphaeromias albomarginatus</em> Curtis, 1829, orig. des.<br> <em>SPHAEROMYIA</em> Agassiz, 1846b: 250 (unjust. emend. of <em>Sphaeromias</em>).<br> <strong>decoratus</strong> Debenham, 1974: 54. Australia (Qld<em>).</em></p> <p align="center">Tribe PALPOMYIINI<br> Genus <strong>BEZZIA</strong> Kieffer</p> <p><strong>BEZZIA</strong> Kieffer, 1899: 69. Type species: <em>Ceratopogon ornatus</em> Meigen, 1830, orig. des.<br> <strong>adamsi</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 418. Micronesia.<br> <strong>australiensis</strong> Kieffer, 1917a: 197. Australia (NSW).<br> <strong>badiifemorata</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 419. Micronesia.<br> <strong>clarkei</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 423. Micronesia.<br> <strong>conjunctivena</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 147. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>dividua</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 148. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>echinata</strong> Clastrier, 1985b: 49. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>excavata</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 145. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>gressitti</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 149. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>hihifoi</strong> Clastrier &amp; Del&eacute;colle, 1996: 296. Wallis &amp; Futuna.<br> <strong>inflatifemora</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 141. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>longiforceps</strong> Tokunaga, 1959: 312. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>maai</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 149. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>maculifemorata</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 424. Micronesia; Belau.<br> <strong>melanesiae</strong> Clastrier, 1985b: 45. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>micronyx</strong> Kieffer, 1922b: 162. Taiwan; Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Indonesia, Malaysia (Sabah), Nepal, Philippines, Ryukyu Is, Thailand, Vietnam.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>crassistyla</em> Tokunaga, 1966: 143. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>nigrialula</strong> Tokunaga <em>in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 428. Belau.<br> <strong>nigrofasciata</strong> Tokunaga <em>in</em> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 429. Micronesia.<br> <strong>papuae</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 150. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>pediaureola</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 427. Micronesia.<br> <strong>riparia</strong> Clastrier, 1985b: 51. New Caledonia (New Caledonia).<br> <strong>sexspinosa</strong> Edwards, 1928c: 57. American Samoa; Western Samoa.<br> <strong>spinositibialis</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 421. Micronesia; Belau.<br> <strong>sulfureicruris</strong> Tokunaga &amp; Murachi, 1959: 425. Micronesia.<br> <strong>tasmaniensis</strong> Lee, 1948b: 341. Australia (Tas).<br> <strong>vitilevuensis</strong> Wirth &amp; Giles, 1990: 458. Fiji.<br> <strong>vittata</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 146. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>zonatipes</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 146. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).</p> <p align="center">Genus <strong>PALPOMYIA</strong> Meigen</p> <p><strong>PALPOMYIA</strong> Meigen, 1818: 82. Type species: <em>Ceratopogon flavipes</em> Meigen, 1804 (as <em>flavipes</em> with <em>Palpomyia geniculata</em> Meigen in synonymy), mon. [Generic name first published in synonymy with <em>Ceratopogon</em> but available under I.C.Z.N. <em>Code</em> Art. 11.6.1.]<br> <strong>ancorifera</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 129. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>brandti</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 138. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>cantuaris</strong> Ingram &amp; Macfie, 1931b: 207. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>decima</strong> Lee, 1948d: 58. Australia (Tas).<br> <strong>inflatifemoralis</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 131. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>jimmensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 126. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>lacorum</strong> Debenham, 1989: 250 (n.n. for <em>abdominalis</em> Tokunaga). Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>abdominalis</em> Tokunaga, 1966: 106 (<em>Heteromyia</em>). Indonesia (Irian Jaya). [Preocc. Kieffer, 1922.]<br> <strong>laensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 134. PNG (PNG); Indonesia (Irian Jaya).<br> <strong>lanceolifera</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 133. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>maai</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 132. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>magna</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 130. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>nelsoni</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 50. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>novaeguineae</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 135. PNG (PNG); Indonesia (Irian Jaya), PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>novaeirelandensis</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 135. PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>pallida</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 107 (<em>Heteromyia</em>). PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>rastellifera</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 51. NZ (NZ).<br> <strong>serraticauda</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 128. PNG (PNG).<br> <strong>stella</strong> Tokunaga, 1966: 136. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); PNG (Bismarck Arch).<br> <strong>subalpina</strong> Lee, 1948d: 59. Australia (ACT).<br> <strong>tasmanica</strong> Lee, 1948d: 62 (<em>Heteromyia</em>). Australia (Tas).<br> <strong>urpicifemoris</strong> Macfie, 1932a: 52. NZ (NZ).</p> <P><CENTER> <BR> </CENTER><hr> <em>Last revised 1 January 2012</em> </BODY> </HTML>