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99. Family EPHYDRIDAE
[Originally] by Wayne N. Mathis
Among acalyptrate Diptera, the Ephydridae, or shore flies, are perhaps the most diverse family regarding their adaptive evolution. Although most species are aquatic or semiaquatic as immatures, feeding as browsers or filter feeders, others are terrestrial, feeding as leaf miners. Still others are parasitoids in spider eggs and clusters of frog eggs or saprophagous on stranded snails or carrion and feces. Many species are adapted to such inhospitable environments as sulfurous hot springs, highly alkaline or saline lakes and, perhaps most notably, exposed pools of crude petroleum. Although most species are beneficial, providing important food to wildlife, some species of Hydrellia damage watercress, rice, barley, and other irrigated cereals with their stem- and leaf-mining habits.
Haliday (1839) was apparently the first to propose a classification of the
family (as the tribe "Hydromyzidae" in
the family Muscidae) using a system of broad generic concepts with numerous
subgenera. The classifications of Loew (1860b) and Becker (1896, 1926b) are
essentially the same as Haliday's but with more numerous and formal categories,
such as subfamilies, tribes, etc. Their classifications recognized 3 subfamilies:
Ephydrinae, Notiphilinae, and Hydrelliinae. This scheme was modified by Cresson,
who arranged the genera and tribes into the 4 subfamilies [Psilopinae, Hydrelliinae
(as Notiphilinae), Parydrinae, and Ephydrinae]. Zatwarnicki (1992) provided
a family classification based on phylogenetic analysis that recognizes 5 subfamilies
(Discomyzinae, Hydrelliinae, Gymnomyzinae, Ilytheinae, and Ephydrinae), which
is followed here.
All 5 subfamilies occur in the Australasian/Oceanian Regions, with greatest
species and generic diversity in Psilopinae. The genus with the greatest
species diversity, however, is Scatella of the subfamily Ephydrinae, with
over 40 species, most of which are endemic. Cresson (1945, 1948) published
2 papers that reviewed the subfamilies Psilopinae and Hydrelliinae from the
Indo-Australasian Region. His untimely death prevented a continuation of
these synopses, and no other comprehensive papers are available for the region.
On a more restricted geographic level, Harrison (1959) treated the Ephydridae
of New Zealand, and Tenorio (1980) revised the Ephydridae from the Hawaiian
Islands. Revisions of genera or subgenera that occur in the Australasian/Oceanian
Regions include Stratiothyrea (Cogan & Wirth 1969), Neoscatella (Mathis & Wirth
1981), Brachydeutera (Mathis & Ghorpadé 1985), and Placopsidella (Mathis
1986). Numerous taxa already in collections from this region remain to be
described, especially from Australia. Mathis & Zatwarnicki
(1995) provided a world catalog.
Our knowledge of the immature stages of Ephydridae is woefully lacking. Hennig (1943a, 1952) summarized what little information was then available, and more recently Tenorio's (1980) treatment of the Hawaiian fauna included keys, descriptions, and illustrations to the immature stages of several species, mostly from the subfamily Ephydrinae.
Subfamily DISCOMYZINAE
Tribe DISCOMYZINI
Genus ACTOCETOR Becker
ACTOCETOR Becker, 1903: 169. Type species: Ephydra
margaritata Wiedemann, 1830, orig. des.
beckeri de Meijere, 1916e: 264. Indonesia (Maluku).
Genus CLASIOPELLA Hendel
CLASIOPELLA Hendel, 1914a: 109. Type species: Clasiopella
uncinata Hendel, 1914, orig. des.
austra Mathis, 1994: 463. Australia (NSW); Australia (NT, Qld).
uncinata Hendel, 1914a: 110. Taiwan; Australia (Qld),
Guam, Hawaiian Is, Northern Marianas; Belize, ?Colombia, Dominica, Jamaica,
Kenya,
Madagascar,
Mexico, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tobago, Vietnam, USA.
Genus DISCOMYZA Meigen
DISCOMYZA Meigen, 1830: 76. Type species: Psilopa
incurva Fallén, 1823, mon.
maculipennis Wiedemann, 1824: 57 (Notiphila). "India
Orient"; Belau, Easter I, Fiji, French Polynesia (Society Is), Guam,
Hawaiian Is, Marshall Is, Micronesia, Northern Marianas, PNG (PNG), "Samoa," Solomon
Is, Vanuatu; Philippines.
Genus HOSTIS Cresson
HOSTIS Cresson, 1945: 64. Type species: Hostis guamensis Cresson,
1945, orig. des.
guamensis Cresson, 1945: 64. Guam; Australia (Qld), Fiji,
French Polynesia (Society Is), Hawaiian Is, Kiribati (Line Is), Marshall
Is, Micronesia, Palmyra Atoll; Aldabra, Seychelles.
quamensis, error for guamensis.
Genus PARATISSA Coquillett
PARATISSA Coquillett, 1900a: 36. Type species: Drosophila
pollinosa Williston, 1896, orig. des.
pollinosa Williston, 1896: 414 (Drosophila).
St. Vincent [West Indies]; Hawaiian Is, Pitcairn Is; Neotrop. Reg.
Genus TRYPETOMIMA de Meijere
TRYPETOMIMA de Meijere, 1916d: liv [1916e: 265]. Type
species: Trypetomima pulchripennis de Meijere, 1916, subs. mon.
de Meijere, 1916e: 265.
EUPSILOPA Malloch, 1934d: 315. Type species: Eupsilopa fascipennis Malloch,
1934 [= Trypetomima completa Cresson, 1929], orig. des.
TRYPETOMINA, error for Trypetomima.
completa Cresson, 1929: 173. Guam; American Samoa.
fascipennis Malloch, 1934d: 316 (Eupsilopa).
American Samoa.
solitaria Cresson, 1929: 172. Guam; PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG),
Solomon Is.
Tribe PSILOPINI
Genus CEROPSILOPA Cresson
CEROPSILOPA Cresson, 1917: 340. Type species: Ceropsilopa
nasuta Cresson, 1917, orig. des.
coquilletti Cresson, 1922: 136. USA; Hawaiian Is.
decussata Cresson, 1925: 251. Taiwan; Australia (Qld);
Philippines.
tenuicornis Cresson, 1925: 252. Australia (Qld); Australia
(NSW, NT).
Genus PSILOPA Fallén
PSILOPA Fallén, 1823c: 6. Type species: Notiphila
nitidula Fallén, 1813, des. Rondani, 1856: 132.
EPHYGROBIA Schiner, 1862b: 432 (unnec. n. n. for Psilopa).
DOMINA Hutton, 1901: 90. Type species: Domina metallica Hutton,
1901 [preocc., = Psilopa huttoni Hendel, 1931], mon.
flavimana Hendel, 1913a: 97. Taiwan; Australia (NT, Qld),
Bonin Is, Fiji, Micronesia, PNG (PNG), Solomon Is, Vanuatu.
girschneri Röder, 1889: 54. Germany; Hawaiian Is;
Kiribati (Line Is); Holarctic Reg.
olga Cresson, 1922: 137. USA.
mentita Cresson, 1925: 245. "Middle-Annam" [prob.
= Vietnam]; Australia (Qld); Oriental Reg.
mentata, error for mentita.
metallica Hutton, 1901: 90 (Domina). NZ (NZ). [Preocc.
Schiner, 1868.]
huttoni Hendel, 1931d: 10 (unnecessary n. n.
for metallica Hutton). NZ (NZ).
polita Macquart, 1835: 524 (Hydrellia). France; Fiji;
widesp. Europe, Asia.
pollinosa Kertész, 1901a: 81 (Ephygrobia).
Singapore; American Samoa, Australia (Qld), Fiji, PNG (PNG), Solomon Is, Tonga;
Oriental Reg.
irregularis Malloch, 1934d: 314 (Psilopa).
American Samoa.
rufipes Hendel, 1913a: 97. Taiwan; Australia (NT), Guam, PNG
(PNG); Oriental Reg.
singaporensis Kertész, 1901a: 81 (Ephygrobia).
Singapore; PNG (PNG); Malaysia (Pen).
Subfamily HYDRELLIINAE
Tribe TYPOPSILOPINI
Genus ELELEIDES Cresson
ELELEIDES Cresson, 1948: 20. Type species: Eleleides
chloris Cresson, 1948, mon.
chloris Cresson, 1948: 20. Australia (Vic); Australia
(NSW); Taiwan
Genus TYPOPSILOPA Cresson
TYPOPSILOPA Cresson, 1916: 147. Type species: Typopsilopa
flavitarsis Cresson, 1916 [= Psilopa nigra Williston, 1896],
orig. des.
chinensis Wiedemann, 1830a: 592 (Notiphila).
China; Australia (NSW, Qld), Micronesia, PNG (Bismarck Arch); India, Nepal
to S China.
sorella Becker, 1924b: 91 (Psilopa).
Taiwan.
.
Tribe ATISSINI
Genus ATISSA Haliday
ATISSA Haliday in Curtis, 1837b: 281. Type species: Ephydra
pygmaea Haliday, 1833, mon. [Published in synonymy; first made available
in Haliday, 1839: 401.]
antennalis Aldrich, 1931: 395. Hawaiian Is.
oahuensis Cresson, 1948: 24. Hawaiian Is.
suturalis Cresson, 1929: 177. Australia (NSW); Australia
(SA).
Genus PTILOMYIA Coquillett
PTILOMYIA Coquillett, 1900c: 261. Type species: Ptilomyia
enigma Coquillett, 1900, orig. des.
Unidentified sp.--Australia.
Tribe HYDRELLIINI
Genus HYDRELLIA Robineau-Desvoidy
HYDRELLIA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 790. Type species: Hydrellia
communis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (in synonymy with Notiphila griseola Fallén,
1813), des. Desmarest in d'Orbigny, 1845b: 743.
HYDROPOTA Rondani, 1861: 10 (unjust. n. n. for Hydrellia).
HYDRELLA, error for Hydrellia.
acutipennis Harrison, 1959: 224. NZ (NZ).
administrata Bock, 1991: 985. Australia (Vic).
balciunasi Bock, 1991: 987. Australia
(NSW); Australia (MT, Qld).
careelensis Bock, 1991: 982. Australia
(NSW).
ceramensis de Meijere 1913a: 67. Indonesia
(Maluku).
enderbii Hutton, 1902a: 174 (Drosophila). NZ
(Auckland Is); Australia (Vic), NZ (Campbell I, Chatham Is, NZ).
enderbyi, error for enderbii.
genitalis Bock, 1991: 974. Australia (WA).
hawaiiensis Cresson, 1936b: 263. Hawaiian
Is.
huttoni Cresson, 1948: 4. Australia (Vic); australia (NSW,
SA).
enderbyi, Cresson, 1932, not Hutton, 1902, misid.
leannae Bock, 1991: 977. Australia (Qld); Australia (NT).
mareeba Bock, 1991: 989. Australia (Qld).
michelae Bock, 1991: 974. Australia (NT);
Australia (SA, Vic).
novaezealandiae Harrison, 1959: 226. NZ (NZ).
perplexa Bock, 1991: 984. Australia (WA); Australia (SA, Tas).
serica Bock, 1991: 979. Australia (NT); Australia
(NSW, Qld, WA).
trifasciata Bock, 1991: 978. Australia (NT);
Australia (WA).
tritici Coquillett, 1903c: 324. Australia
(WA); Australia (NSW, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA), Hawaiian Is, NZ (NZ).
triticia, error for tritici.
unigena Cresson, 1944: 8. Australia (NSW); Australia (Qld,
WA).
velutinifrons Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926a: 15. NZ (NZ).
victoria Cresson, 1932: 25. Australia (Vic); Australia (NSW,
Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA).
williamsi Cresson, 1936b: 259. Hawaiian Is; Australia (NSW,
SA, Vic), NZ (NZ).
Tribe NOTIPHILINI
Genus NOTIPHILA Fallén
NOTIPHILA Fallén, 1810a: 22. Type species: Notiphila
cinerea Fallén, 1813, des. Westwood, 1840: 153. [Notophila originally
proposed without included species; designation by Westwood is from first
15 species included by Fallén, 1813: 248-55.]
NOTOPHILA Agassiz, 1846b: 251, 257 (unjust. emend. of Notiphila).
fuscimana Malloch, 1925h: 326. Australia (NSW); Australia
(Qld).
impunctata de Meijere, 1908a:163. Indonesia (Java); Australia
(NT, Qld).
insularis Grimshaw, 1901: 49. Hawaiian Is.
Tribe DRXYINI
Genus DRYXO Robineau-Desvoidy
DRYXO Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 787. Type species: Dryxo
lispoidea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, mon.
Subgenus CYPHOPS Jaennicke
CYPHOPS Jaennicke, 1867: 367 (as gen.). Type species: Cyphops
fasciatus Jaennicke, 1867, mon.
fasciata Jaennicke, 1867: 368 (Cyphops). Indonesia
(Java); PNG (PNG).
Genus PAPUAMA Mathis & Zatwarnicki
PAPUAMA Mathis & Zatwarnicki, 2002: 88. Type species: Papuama ismayi Mathis & Zatwarnicki, 2002, orig. des.
ismayi Mathis & Zatwarnicki, 2002: 90. PNG (PNG).
Genus PARALIMNA Loew
PARALIMNA Loew, 1862a: 138. Type species: Paralimna
appendiculata Loew, 1862 [= Notiphila punctipennis Wiedemann,
1830], mon.
concors Cresson, 1929: 189. Philippines; Indonesia (Maluku).
hirticornis de Meijere, 1913a: 65. Indonesia (Irian
Jaya); Oriental Reg.
javana Wulp, 1891: 215. Indonesia (Java); Australia
(NSW, NT, Qld, WA); Oriental Reg.
atrimana Malloch, 1925h: 326. Australia (NSW).
lineata de Meijere, 1908a: 165. Indonesia (Java); Australia
(NT, Qld, WA), American Samoa, Fiji, French Polynesia (Marquesas), Kiribati
(Phoenix Is), Micronesia; Seychelles, Oriental Reg.
aequalis Cresson, 1929: 193 (Phaiosterna). "Middle
Annam" [prob. = Vietnam].
millepuncta Malloch, 1925h: 325. Australia (Qld); Australia
(NSW).
picta Kertész, 1901c: 423. PNG (PNG); PNG (Bismarck
Arch); Philippines.
stirlingi Malloch, 1926d: 545. Australia (NT); Australia
(NSW, Qld).
uniseta Malloch, 1925h: 325. Australia (NSW); Australia
(NT, WA).
Subfamily GYMNOMYZINAE
Tribe GYMNOMYZINI
Genus ATHYROGLOSSA Loew
ATHYROGLOSSA Loew, 1860c: 12. Type species: Notiphila
glabra Meigen,
1830, mon.
Subgenus ATHYROGLOSSA Loew
ATHYROGLOSSA Loew, 1860c: 12 (as gen.). Type species: Notiphila
glabra Meigen, 1830, mon.
evidens Cresson, 1925: 239. PNG (PNG).
freta Cresson, 1925: 238. Taiwan; Australia (Qld), Marshall Is, PNG
(PNG), Solomon Is; "Borneo," Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara), Philippines.
Subgenus PARATHYROGLOSSA Hendel
PARATHYROGLOSSA Hendel, 1931c: 68 (as gen.). Type species: Athyroglossa
ordinata Becker, 1896, orig. des.
scabra Cresson, 1925: 238. Australia (NSW); Australia (ACT, WA).
ascabra, error for scabra.
Genus CHAETOMOSILLUS Hendel
CHAETOMOSILLUS Hendel, 1934a: 14. Type species: Gymnopa dentifemur Cresson, 1925, orig. des.
nigriceps Malloch, 1934b: 1. PNG (PNG).
Genus CHLORICHAETA Becker
CHLORICHAETA Becker, 1922a: 73. Type species: Chlorichaeta tuberculosa Becker, 1922, mon.
albipennis Loew, 1848a: 14 (Gymnopa). Italy; Guam, Hawaiian Is; Cape Verde Is, Egypt, Madagascar, Seychelles, Socotra.
orba Mathis & Zatwarnicki, 1993: 70. Sri Lanka; Australia (NT), PNG (PNG);
Philippines.
tuberculosa Becker, 1922a: 74. Sudan; Guam, Hawaiian Is;
Afghanistan, Egypt, Greece, India, Israel, Italy, Oman, Sri Lanka, Thailand,
Vietnam, widesp. Afrotrop. Reg.
Genus GYMNOPIELLA Cresson
GYMNOPIELLA Cresson, 1945: 52. Type species: Gymnopa
paucula Cresson,
1934, orig. des.
paucula Cresson, 1934: 199 (Gymnopa). Australia (Qld).
Genus MOSILLUS Latreille
MOSILLUS Latreille, 1804: 196. Type species: Mosillus arcuatus Latreille, 1805 [= Syrphus subsultans Fabricius, 1794], subs. mon. Latreille, 1805: 390.
tibialis Cresson, 1916: 149. USA; Hawaiian Is.
Genus PLACOPSIDELLA Kertész
PLACOPSIDELLA Kertész, 1901c: 424. Type species: Placopsidella
cynocephala Kertész, 1901, mon.
cynocephala Kertész, 1901c: 425. PNG (PNG); Australia
(Qld), Belau, Guam, Kiribati (Gilbert Is), Marshall Is, Micronesia, Palmyra
Atoll, PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG); Belize, Indonesia, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra),
Malaysia (Pen), Philippines, Seychelles, Tobago, West Indies.
grandis Cresson, 1925: 232 (Gymnopa). Taiwan; Belau,
Hawaiian Is; Israel, Japan, Panama, USA.
insulana Mathis, 1986: 13. Vanuatu.
liparoides de Meijere, 1916a: 61. Indonesia (Sumatra); Belau.
marquesana Malloch, 1933b: 13 (Mosillus). French Polynesia (Marquesas);
American Samoa, French Polynesia (Society Is), Hawaiian Is, Kiribati (Line
Is), Pitcairn Is, Solomon Is, Wake I.
Genus STRATIOTHYREA de Meijere
STRATIOTHYREA de Meijere, 1913a: 66. Type species: Stratiothyrea
femorata de Meijere, 1913, mon.
femorata de Meijere, 1913a: 66. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Australia (NSW,
Qld), PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG), Solomon Is, Malaysia (Pen).
matema Cresson, 1936a: 51. Solomon Is.
cheesmanae Cogan & Wirth, 1969: 176. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); PNG
(Bismarck Arch, PNG), Solomon Is.
Genus TRIMEROGASTRA Hendel
TRIMEROGASTRA Hendel, 1914. 110. Type species: Trimerogastra cincta Hendel, 1914, orig. des.
hardyi Mathis & Zatwarnicki, 2004: 101. Australia (Qld); PNG (PNG).
mcalpinei Mathis & Zatwarnicki, 2004: 104. Australia (NSW): Australia (Qld), PNG (PNG).
Tribe HECAMEDINI
Genus ALLOTRICHOMA Becker
ALLOTRICHOMA Becker, 1896: 121. Type species: Hecamede
lateralis Loew,
1860, orig. des.
alium Cresson, 1929: 173. PNG (PNG); Australia (NSW, Qld), Kiribati
(Gilbert Is), Marshall Is, Micronesia, PNG (PNG), Solomon Is, Tonga; Malaysia (Pen), Philippines, Thailand.
longivena Bezzi, 1928: 154 (Trimerogastra). "Java," error [= Fiji].
nitidum Cresson, 1944: 2. PNG (PNG).
Genus HECAMEDE Haliday
HECAMEDE Haliday in Curtis, 1837b: 281. Type
species: Notiphila albicans Meigen, 1830, mon. [Published in synonymy;
first made available in Haliday, 1838: 185.]
HEMICYCLOPS de Meijere, 1913a: 66. Type species: Hemicyclops
planifrons de Meijere, 1913, mon. [Preocc. Boeck, 1873.]
Subgenus HECAMEDE Haliday
HECAMEDE Haliday in Curtis, 1837b: 281 (as gen.).
Type species: Notiphila albicans Meigen, 1830, mon. [Published
in synonymy; first made available in Haliday, 1838: 185.]
HEMICYCLOPS de Meijere, 1913a: 66 (as gen.). Type species: Hemicyclops
planifrons de Meijere, 1913, mon. [Preocc. Boeck, 1873.]
australis Mathis, 1993: 16. Australia (NSW); Australia
(WA).
granifera Thomson, 1869: 594. "Insulae Rossii" [=
Cocos (Keeling) Is]; Australia (NSW, Qld, SA), Belau, Bonin Is, Cook
Is, Guam, Hawaiian Is, Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Maluku), Kiribati (Phoenix
Is), Marshall Is, Micronesia, NZ (Chatham Is, NZ), Northern Marianas,
PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG), Pitcairn Is, Wake I; Chagas Arch, India, Japan,
Malaysia (Pen), Philippines, Ryukyus, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand.
persimilis Hendel, 1913a: 99. Taiwan.
femoralis Malloch, 1930c: 245. NZ (NZ).
inermis Malloch, 1933b: 12. French Polynesia (Marquesas);
Pitcairn, Wake I.
planifrons de Meijere, 1913a: 67 (Hemicyclops). Indonesia
(Irian Jaya); Indonesia (Maluku), Solomon Is; Indonesia (Java).
Subgenus SOIKIA Conzoneri & Meneghini
SOIKIA Canzoneri & Meneghini, 1969: 1484 (as gen.).
Type species: Soikia argentata Canzoneri & Meneghini, 1969 [= Hecamede
nuda Wirth, 1956], orig. des.
bocki Mathis, 1993: 37. Australia (NSW).
Tribe LIPOCHAETINI
Genus GLENANTHE Haliday
GLENANTHE Haliday, 1839: 404 (Hydrellia subg.).
Type species: Glenanthe ripicola Haliday, 1839, mon.
ismayi Mathis, 1992: 80. PNG (PNG); Australia (Qld).
Tribe DISCOCERININI
Genus DISCOCERINA Macquart
DISCOCERINA Macquart, 1835: 527. Type species: Notiphila
pusilla Meigen, 1830 [= Notiphila obscurella Fallén, 1813], des. Cresson, 1925: 253.
DIOSCOCERINA. Incorr. orig. spell. of Discocerina (Macquart, 1835: 528).
CLASIOPA Stenhammar, 1844: 159 (Psilopa "Sectio 1").
Type species: Notiphila obscurella Fallén, 1813, orig. des.
atrifacies Malloch, 1934d: 318. Western Samoa.
communis Malloch, 1934d: 318. Western Samoa.
Genus DITRICHOPHORA Cresson
DITRICHOPHORA Cresson, 1924: 159. Type species: Ditrichophora
exigua Cresson, 1924, orig. des.
niveifrons Cresson, 1926b: 251 (Discocerina neiveifrons;
correction of orig. spell. by Cresson, 1945: 65). Australia (NSW); Australia
(ACT).
Genus GALATERINA Zatwarnicki & Mathis
GALATERINA Zatwarnicki & Mathis, 2001: 24. Type species: Galterina noonadan Zatwarnicki & Mathis, 2001, orig. des.
noonadan Zatwarnicki & Mathis, 2001: 27. Solomon Is;
PNG (Bismarck Arch); Nicobar Is.
Genus HECAMEDOIDES Hendel
HECAMEDOIDES Hendel, 1917: 41. Type species: Psilopa glaucella Stenhammar, 1844, orig. des.
auriger Cresson, 1929: 168. PNG (PNG).
canolimbatus de Meijere, 1916e: 269 (Discocerina). Indonesia (Java);
Australia (NSW), PNG (PNG).
hepaticus de Meijere, 1916e: 268 (Discocerina). Indonesia (Java);
Australia (NSW, Qld), Northern Marianas, PNG (PNG), Solomon Is.
hyalinus Cresson, 1929: 169. PNG (PNG); PNG (Bismarck Arch).
invidus Cresson, 1929: 169. PNG (PNG); PNG (Bismarck Arch); Indonesia
(Nusa Tenggara).
limbatus de Meijere, 1913b: 385 (Clasiopa). PNG (PNG).
setosus de Meijere, 1916e: 268 (Discocerina). Indonesia (Java);
Australia (Qld), PNG (Bismarck Arch).
tarsalis de Meijere, 1916e: 268 (Discocerina). Indonesia (Java);
Australia (Qld).
Genus LAMPROCLASIOPA Hendel
LAMPROCLASIOPA Hendel, 1933a: 79. Type species: Discocerina
facialis Hendel, 1933 [preocc., = Discocerina hendeli Wirth,
1968], orig. des.
biseta de Meijere, 1916e: 269. Indonesia (Java); Australia
(NT, Qld), Bonin Is, Micronesia, PNG (Bismarck Arch, PNG); Oriental Reg.
Genus ORASIOPA Zatwarnicki & Mathis
ORASIOPA Zatwarnicki & Mathis, 2001: 39. Type species: Orasiopa
millennica Zatwarnicki & Mathis, 2001, orig. des.
egdun Zatwarnicki, 2002: 304. Australia (Qld).
ememii Zatwarnicki, 2002: 305. Indonesia (Irian Jaya).
koriwa Zatwarnicki, 2002: 308. Indonesia
(Irian Jaya).
mera Cresson, 1939: 6 (Discocerina).
Taiwan; Australia (NSW, Qld), Belau, Fiji, French Polynesia (Society Is),
Guam, Hawaiian Is, Marshall Is, Micronesia, Palmyra Atoll, PNG (Bismarck
Arch), Solomon Is; Antilles, Belize, Japan, Malaysia (Pen), Ryukyu Is,
Thailand, Vietnam.
millennica Zatwarnicki & Mathis, 2001: 42. Solomon Is;
Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia (Pen), Singapore,
Thailand.
nga Zatwarnicki, 2002: 311. Thailand; Indonesia (Irian
Jaya), PNG (PNG); Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia (Pen), Thailand.
opa Zatwarnicki, 2002: 312. Thailand; Indonesia (Irian
Jaya), PNG (PNG); Brunei, Singapore.
rapkap Zatwarnicki,
2002: 314. Thailand; Indonesia (Irian
Jaya); Malaysia (Pen), Singapore.
Genus POLYTRICHOPHORA Cresson
POLYTRICHOPHORA Cresson, 1924: 161. Type species: Polytrichophora agens Cresson, 1924, orig. des.
affinis Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926a: 13 (Clasiopa). NZ (NZ).
brunneifrons de Meijere, 1916e: 270 (Discocerina). Indonesia (Java);
Australia (Qld), Belau, French Polynesia (Society Is), Guam, Micronesia, PNG (Bismarck Arch), Solomon Is; Oriental Reg.
dubia Malloch, 1934d: 320 (Discocerina). Western Samoa.
mallochi Hendel, 1931d: 10 (Discocerina; n. n. for flavitarsis Tonnoir &
Malloch). NZ (NZ).
flavitarsis Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926a: 13 (Clasiopa). NZ (NZ).
[Preocc. Frey, 1917.]
Tribe OCHTHERINI
Genus OCHTHERA Latreille
OCHTHERA Latreille, 1802: 462. Type species: Musca
manicata Fabricius, 1794, des. Latreille, 1810: 444.
OCHTERA, error for Ochthera.
canescens Cresson, 1931: 168. Taiwan; Guam.
circularis Cresson, 1926b: 254. Taiwan; Indonesia (Maluku);
Oriental Reg.
innotata Walker, 1860a: 171. Indonesia (Sulawesi); Indonesia
(Maluku).
margarita Cresson, 1932: 33. "India O."; Australia
(Qld); India.
pilimana Becker, 1903: 181. Egypt; Australia (NSW), Guam,
Micronesia, New Caledonia (New Caledonia); India, Philippines, Europe,
Afrotrop. Reg.
Subfamily ILYTHEINAE
Tribe ILYTHEINI
Genus DONACEUS Cresson
DONACEUS Cresson, 1943b: 5. Type species: Donaceus nigronotatus Cresson, 1943, orig. des.
nigronotatus Cresson, 1943b: 5. Taiwan; Hawaiian Is; Oriental Reg.
Genus ZEROS Cresson
ZEROS Cresson, 1943b: 10. Type species: Ilythea obscura Cresson,
1918, orig. des.
defectus Malloch, 1925h: 327 (Ilythea). Australia
(Qld).
deflectus, error for defectus.
invenatus Lamb, 1912: 322 (Ilythea). Seychelles;
Australia (NSW), French Polynesia (Society Is), PNG (PNG), "Samoa";
India, Malaysia (Pen), Thailand.
Tribe HYADININI
Genus HYADINA Haliday
HYADINA Haliday in Curtis, 1837b: 282. Type species: Notiphila
guttata Fallén, 1813, des. Westwood, 1840: 153. [Published
in synonymy; first made available in Haliday, 1839: 404.]
NEOHYDRELLIA Malloch, 1933b: 14. Type species: Neohydrellia
hivaoae Malloch, 1933, orig. des.
hivaoae Malloch, 1933b: 14 (Neohydrellia). French
Polynesia (Marquesas); French Polynesia (Tuamotus), Hawaiian Is [introduced,
?established], Cook Is, PNG (PNG), Tonga, Vanuatu; India, Philippines.
vittifacies Tenorio, 1980: 294. Hawaiian Is.
irrorata Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926a: 16. NZ (NZ).
obscurifrons Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926a: 16. NZ (NZ).
pullipes Cresson, 1930: 103. Australia (NSW).
Genus LYTOGASTER Becker
LYTOGASTER Becker, 1896: 202. Type species: Philygria
abdominalis Stenhammar, 1844, orig. des.
gravida Loew, 1863b: 325 [1864c: 209] (Hyadina). USA;
Hawaiian Is.
Genus PARAHYADINA Tonnoir & Malloch
PARAHYADINA Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926a: 17. Type species: Parahyadina
lacustris Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926, orig. des.
lacustris Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926a: 17. NZ (NZ); NZ
(Auckland Is).
Tribe PHILYGRIINI
Genus NOSTIMA Coquillett
NOSTIMA Coquillett, 1900a: 35. Type species: Nostima
slossonae Coquillett, 1900, orig. des.
PHILYGRIOLA Hendel, 1917: 42. Type species: Notiphila picta Fallén,
1813, orig. des.
duoseta Cresson, 1943a: 3. Australia (NSW).
flavitarsis Canzoneri & Meneghini, 1969: 120. Zaire;
PNG (PNG); Ghana, Hong Kong, Oman, Vietnam.
monticola Malloch, 1933b: 15 (Philygriola). French
Polynesia (Marquesas); Pitcairn Is.
striata Lamb, 1912: 326 (Philygria). Seychelles;
Pitcairn Is.
Subfamily EPHYDRINAE
Tribe PARYDRINI
Genus PARYDRA Stenhammar
NAPAEA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 799. Type species: Napaea stagnicola Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, des. Coquillett, 1910: 573. [Preocc. Hübner, 1819.]
PARYDRA Stenhammar, 1844: 144 (Ephydra "Sectio 3"). Type species: Ephydra aquila Fallén, 1813, des. Coquillett, 1910: 585.
neozelandica Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926a: 9. NZ (NZ).
Tribe DAGINI
Genus BRACHYDEUTERA Loew
BRACHYDEUTERA Loew, 1862a: 162. Type species: Brachydeutera dimidiata Loew, 1862 [= Notiphila argentata Walker, 1853], mon.
adusta Mathis & Ghorpadé, 1985: 5. Northern Marianas; American Samoa,
Australia (Qld), Micronesia, Solomon Is.
hardyi Wirth, 1964a: 6. India; Micronesia, PNG (PNG), Solomon Is.
hebes Cresson, 1926a: 277. Hawaiian Is.
ibari Ninomiya, 1930: 190. Japan; Bonin Is, Hawaiian Is; Canary Is,
China, Taiwan, Europe, Middle East.
argentata, authors, not Walker, 1853, misid.
pleuralis Malloch, 1928g: 354. Australia (Qld); Australia (NT);
India, Vietnam.
sydneyensis Malloch, 1924f: 335. Australia (NSW); widesp. Australia, NZ
(NZ).
Tribe EPHYDRINI
Genus EPHYDRA Fallén
EPHYDRA Fallén, 1810a: 22. Type species: Ephydra riparia Fallén, 1813,
des. Curtis, 1832: 413. [Ephydra originally proposed without included species; designation by Curtis is from first 4 species included in Fallén, 1813: 246-48.]
EPHIDRA, error for Ephydra.
cinerea Jones, 1906: 159. USA; Hawaiian Is.
millbrae Jones, 1906: 155. USA; Hawaiian Is.
Genus EPHYDRELLA Tonnoir & Malloch
EPHYDRELLA Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926a: 6 (Ephydra subg.). Type species: Ephydra novaezealandiae Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926, orig. des.
MYDAEZEALANDIA Salmon, 1937: 359. Type species: Mydaezealandia glauca Salmon, 1937, orig. des.
acrostichalis Malloch, 1925h: 329 (Ephydra). Australia (SA); widesp. S
Australia.
aquaria Hutton, 1901: 90 (Ephydra). NZ (NZ).
assimilis Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926a: 7 (Ephydra). NZ (Chatham Is); NZ
(NZ).
similis. Incorr. orig. spell. of assimilis (Tonnoir & Malloch,
1926a: 7).
breviseta Malloch, 1925h: 329 (Ephydra). Australia (NSW); Australia
(SA, Tas, Vic, WA).
macquariensis Womersley, 1937b: 77 (Ephydra). Macquarie I.
marshalli Bock, 1987: 159. Australia (Vic); Australia (Tas, WA).
novaezealandiae Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926a: 8 (Ephydra). NZ (NZ).
spathulata Cresson, 1935: 355. NZ (NZ).
glauca Salmon, 1937: 360 (Mydaezealandia). NZ (NZ).
tasmaniae Bock, 1987: 162. Australia (Tas).
thermarum Dumbleton, 1969a: 39. NZ (NZ).
Genus SETACERA Cresson
SETACERA Cresson, 1930: 116. Type species: Ephydra pacifica Cresson,
1925, orig. des.
breviventris Loew, 1860c: 37 (Ephydra). Germany & Italy & Silesia
[= Poland]; Australia (ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, WA), Guam, Solomon Is; widesp. Old World.
laeta Hendel, 1913a: 99. Taiwan.
glabra de Meijere, 1916e: 272. Indonesia (Java).
fluxa Miyagi, 1966: 139. Japan.
Tribe SCATELLINI
Genus AMALOPTERYX Eaton
AMALOPTERYX Eaton, 1875: 58. Type species: Amalopteryx
maritima Eaton, 1875, mon.
maritima Eaton, 1875: 58. Kerguelen Is; Maquarie I; Crozet
I, Heard I.
Genus HALOSCATELLA Mathis
HALOSCATELLA Mathis, 1979: 6 (Lamproscatella subg,). Type species: Lamproscatella acrochaeta Mathis, 1979, orig. des.
balioptera Mathis, Zatwarnicki & Marris, 2004: 6. NZ (NZ).
harrisoni Mathis, Zatwarnicki & Marris, 2004: 10. NZ (NZ).
karekare Mathis, Zatwarnicki & Marris, 2004: 14. NZ (NZ).
Genus LIMNELLIA Malloch
LIMNELLIA Malloch, 1925h: 331. Type species: Limnellia maculipennis Malloch, 1925, orig. des.
abbreviata Harrison, 1976: 136 (Scatella). NZ (NZ).
maculipennis Malloch, 1925h: 332. Australia (NSW).
Genus SCATELLA Robineau-Desvoidy
SCATELLA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 801. Type species: Scatella buccata Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [= Ephydra stagnalis Fallén, 1813], des. Coquillett, 1910: 603.
Subgenus APULVILLUS Malloch
APULVILLUS Malloch, 1934a: 197 (as gen.). Type species: Apulvillus
bronneci Malloch, 1934, orig. des.
CHAETOSCATELLA Malloch, 1934a: 199 (as gen.). Type species: Chaetoscatella cheesmanae Malloch, 1934, mon.
bronneci Malloch, 1934a: 198 (Apulvillus). French Polynesia
(Marquesas).
cheesmanae Malloch, 1934a: 199 (Chaetoscatella). French Polynesia
(Society Is).
cinereifacies Tenorio, 1980: 301. Hawaiian Is.
femoralis Tenorio, 1980: 302. Hawaiian Is.
mauiensis Wirth, 1948: 300 (Apulvillus). Hawaiian Is.
unguiculosa Mathis, 1989: 648 (n.n. for unguiculata Malloch). Western Samoa.
unguiculata Malloch, 1934d: 322 (Chaetoscatella). Western Samoa.
[Preocc. Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926.]
williamsi Wirth, 1948: 299 (Apulvillus). Hawaiian Is.
Subgenus NEOSCATELLA Malloch
NEOSCATELLA Malloch, 1933b: 9 (as gen.). Type species: Neoscatella atra Malloch, 1933, orig. des.
albilutea Mathis & Wirth, 1981: 6. Australia (WA); Australia (NSW).
amnica Tenorio, 1980: 307 (Neoscatella). Hawaiian Is.
atra Malloch, 1933b: 9 (Neoscatella). French Polynesia (Marquesas).
austrina Mathis & Wirth, 1981: 20. Australia (NSW).
bicolor Mathis & Wirth, 1981: 8. Australia (NSW); Australia (WA).
bryani Cresson, 1926a: 276. Hawaiian Is.
cilipes Wirth, 1948: 288 (Neoscatella). Hawaiian Is.
clavipes Wirth, 1948: 289 (Neoscatella). Hawaiian Is.
tenda Wirth, 1948: 290 (Neoscatella clavipes ssp.). Hawaiian Is.
fluvialis Tenorio, 1980: 314 (Neoscatella). Hawaiian Is.
hawaiiensis Grimshaw, 1901: 49. Hawaiian Is.
immaculata Malloch, 1925h: 331. Australia (NSW); Australia (ACT, NT, Qld, SA).
insularis Mathis & Wirth, 1981: 24. Australia (NSW).
kauaiensis Wirth, 1948: 282 (Neoscatella). Hawaiian Is.
norrisi Mathis & Wirth, 1981: 17. Australia (WA).
oahuense Williams, 1938a: 107. Hawaiian Is.
sexnotata Cresson, 1926a: 275. Hawaiian Is.
tasmaniae Mathis & Wirth, 1981: 11. Australia (Tas).
terryi Cresson, 1926a: 275. Hawaiian Is.
victoria Cresson, 1935: 360 (Neoscatella). Australia (Vic).
vittithorax Malloch, 1925h: 331. Australia (NSW); NZ (Antipodes Is,
Auckland Is, NZ).
warreni Cresson, 1926a: 276. Hawaiian Is.
fimbriata Wirth, 1948: 286 (Neoscatella). Hawaiian Is.
Subgenus SCATELLA Robineau-Desvoidy
SCATELLA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 801 (as gen.). Type species: Scatella
buccata Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [= Ephydra stagnalis Fallén, 1813], des. Coquillett, 1910: 603.
acutipennis Harrison, 1964: 318. NZ (Campbell I).
alticeps Malloch, 1925h: 330. Australia (NSW).
australiae Malloch, 1925h: 331. Australia (NSW).
brevis Harrison, 1964: 318. NZ (Campbell I).
fernandezensis Wirth, 1955: 60. Juan Fernandez Is; Easter I.
nelsoni Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926a: 11. NZ (NZ); NZ (Campbell I).
nitidithorax Malloch, 1925h: 330. Australia (NSW); NZ (NZ).
nubeculosa Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926a: 10. NZ (NZ).
septempunctata Malloch, 1933b: 8. French Polynesia (Marquesas).
sexpunctata Malloch, 1933b: 8. French Polynesia (Marquesas).
stagnalis Fallén, 1813: 248 (Ephydra). Sweden; French Polynesia
(Marquesas), Hawaiian Is; widesp. Holarctic Reg.
tonnoiri Hendel, 1931d: 10 (n. n. for nitidifrons Tonnoir & Malloch).
NZ (NZ); NZ (Auckland Is, Campbell I).
ssp. subvittata Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926a: 12. NZ (NZ).
ssp. tonnoiri s. str. NZ (NZ); NZ (Auckland Is, Campbell I).
nitidifrons Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926a: 11. NZ (NZ). [Preocc. Cresson,
1918.]
unguiculata Tonnoir & Malloch, 1926a: 10. NZ (NZ); NZ (Chatham Is).
varipennis Malloch, 1933b: 9. French Polynesia (Marquesas).
wirthi Tenorio, 1980: 327. Hawaiian Is.
Genus SCATOPHILA Becker
SCATOPHILA Becker, 1896: 237. Type species: Ephydra caviceps Stenhammar, 1844, orig. des.
stenoptera Papp, 1979: 362. PNG (PNG).
Genus TAUROMIMA Papp
TAUROMIMA Papp, 1979: 359. Type species: Tauromima mountwilhelmi Papp,
1979, orig. des.
mountwilhelmi Papp, 1979: 360. PNG (PNG).
Unplaced species of Ephydridae
carbonaria Walker, 1865b: 129 (Notiphila). "New Guinea" [= Indonesia
(Irian Jaya)].
taciturna Walker, 1859a: 127 (Ephydra). Indonesia (Maluku).
unilineata Walker, 1865b: 129 (Notiphila). "New Guinea" [= Indonesia
(Irian Jaya)].