The Otitidae, or picture-winged flies, are poorly represented in the
regions covered here. The Otitinae, primarily a Holarctic and Neotropical
subfamily, is represented here by 1 introduced species and 1 endemic species.
The latter is placed in the eastern Palearctic and Oriental Herina.
The Ulidiinae, often considered a separate family by some workers, is represented
in these regions by 3 endemic genera: Heterodoxa, Neoeuxesta,
and Perissoneura. Pseudeuxesta is primarily Australasian/Oceanian,
but extends to Sulawesi in the Oriental Region as well as to the Seychelles
and tropical shores of the Indian Ocean. Based on information supplied by
J.F. McAlpine (in litt.) the genus Lipsana is transferred
here from the Lonchaeidae.
Little is known of the biology of these flies, but published records show
that they are found on living or decaying vegetation and excrement. Tritoxa
flexa (Wiedemann), the black onion fly, is a pest of onion bulbs in
the United States (Manis 1941), and Tetanops myopaeformis (Röder)
is a well-known pest of sugar beets in the United States.
About 400 species in 50 genera are known in this family. Though the family
is cosmopolitan and most speciose in the tropics, only 25 species in 11
genera are recorded here.
Refs.: Allen & Foote (1967, biol.), Lower (1970, cat. Australasian/Oceanian
spp.), Daniels (1976c, key Australian spp.), Hardy & Delfinado (1980,
rev. Hawaiian spp.), Yoon et al. (1983, biol. Euxesta quaternaria),
Ferrar (1987, immat.).
MECKELIA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 714. Type species: Oscinis
elegans Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [= Musca hyalinata Panzer, 1798
(n. syn.)], des. Coquillett, 1910: 564. [Preocc. Leucart, 1828.]
CEROXYS Macquart, 1835: 437. Type species: Musca urticae Linnaeus,
1758, des. Westwood, 1840: 149.
CERATOXYS Rondani, 1861b: 10 (n. n. for Meckelia).
ANACAMPTA Loew, 1868b: 7. Type species: Musca urticae Linnaeus,
1758, des. Loew, 1873b: 58.
latiusculus Loew, 1873b: 130 (Anacampta). USA; Hawaiian Is
[introduced], Western Samoa [introduced]; Canada, Mexico.
HERINA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 724. Type species: Herina liturata
Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, des. Hennig, 1939: 59.
RHADINOMYIA Schiner, 1868: 290. Type species: Rhadinomyia orientalis
Schiner, 1868, orig. des.
HYPSOMYIA McAlpine, 1965: 218. Type species: Hypsomyia goilala
McAlpine, 1965, orig. des.
HERNIA, error for Herina.
goilala McAlpine, 1965: 218 (Hypsomyia). PNG (PNG).
ACROSTICTA Loew, 1868a: 293. Type species: Acrosticta scrobiculata
Loew, 1868, des. Coquillett, 1910: 503.
apicalis Williston, 1896: 375 (Euxesta). St. Vincent I; Australia
(Qld), Fiji, French Polynesia (Marquesas, Society Is), Guam, Hawaiian Is,
Henderson I, Nauru, Northern Marianas, Pitcairn Is, Western Samoa [all introduced];
Galapagos Is, West Indies, USA S to Argentina, Afrotrop. Reg. [introduced].
EUXESTA Loew, 1868a: 297. Type species: Ortalis notata
Wiedemann, 1830, des. Coquillett, 1910: 543.
annonae Fabricius, 1794: 358 (Musca). "Americae insulis"
[= West Indies]; Fiji, Guam, Hawaiian Is [all introduced]; Philippines [introduced],
USA, Neotrop. Reg.
HETERODOXA Malloch, 1932n: 211. Type species: Heterodoxa uapouae
Malloch, 1932, orig. des.
fatuhivae Malloch, 1932n: 214. French Polynesia (Marquesas).
hivaoae Malloch, 1932n: 213. French Polynesia (Marquesas).
uahukae Malloch, 1932n: 214. French Polynesia (Marquesas).
uapouae Malloch, 1932n: 212. French Polynesia (Marquesas).
NEOEUXESTA Malloch, 1930d: 218. Type species: Neoeuxesta fumicosta
Malloch, 1930, orig. des.
fumicosta Malloch, 1930d: 218. Western Samoa.
guamana Steyskal, 1952a: 283. Guam.
NOTOGRAMMA Loew, 1868a: 289. Type species: Notogramma cimiciformis
Loew, 1868, mon.
cimiciforme Loew, 1868a: 289. Cuba; Belau, Guam, Hawaiian Is, Northern
Marianas, Wake I [all introduced]; Mexico, USA, Neotrop. Reg.
stigma Fabricius--not Australasian/Oceanian.
PERISSONEURA Malloch, 1932n: 207. Type species: Perissoneura
diversipennis Malloch, 1932, orig. des.
diversipennis Malloch, 1932n: 207. French Polynesia (Marquesas);
Pitcairn Is.
PHYSIPHORA Fallén, 1810a: 11. Type species: Chrysomyza
splendida Fallén, 1817 [= Musca demandata Fabricius, 1798],
subs. mon. Fallén, 1817b: 3.
CHRYSOMYZA Fallén, 1817b: 3. Type species: Chrysomyza splendida
Fallén, 1817 [= Musca demandata Fabricius, 1798], mon.
CLIOCHLORIA Enderlein, 1927: 103. Type species: Musca aenea
Fabricius, 1794 [preocc., = Ulidia clausa Macquart, 1843], orig.
des.
aperta Steyskal, 1952a: 285. Solomon Is.
clausa Macquart, 1843: 408(251) (Ulidia). Indonesia (Java);
Australia (NSW, NT, Qld, WA), Guam, Hawaiian Is, Indonesia (Irian Jaya),
Kiribati (Gilbert Is), Marshall Is, New Caledonia (New Caledonia), Northern
Marianas, PNG (Bougainville I, PNG), Solomon Is, Vanuatu, Western Samoa;
widesp. Afrotrop., Nearctic, Neotrop, Oriental Regs.
PSEUDEUXESTA Hendel, 1910c: 30. Type species: Euxesta prima
Osten Sacken, 1881, orig. des.
prima Osten Sacken, 1881a: 470 (Euxesta). Indonesia (Sulawesi);
Australia (Qld), Belau, Guam, Hawaiian Is, Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Maluku),
Marshall Is, Northern Marianas, Palmyra Atoll, PNG (PNG), Solomon Is, Vanuatu,
Western Samoa.
LIPSANA Enderlein, 1938: 676. Type species: Lipsana insulaepaschalis
Enderlein, 1938, orig. des.
insulaepaschalis Enderlein, 1938: 677. Easter I.
aenea Macquart, 1847a: (93) [1847b: 109] (Tephritis). "Nouvelle-Hollande"
[locality probably in error].