Northern Cardinals recorded per party hr on the Honolulu Christmas Count,

1944-2014 (see Count Page), showing a significant decline through the period. See

also Moulton and Scioli (1986), Williams (1987), and Ralph (1990).

 

Species account

 

Literature Cited

 

Graphs of Christmas Count data developed as part of The Birds of the Hawaiian

Islands: Occurrence, History, Distribution, and Status by Robert L. Pyle and Peter Pyle http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/birds/rlp-monograph/