Hill, A. F. 1939. The nomenclature of the taro and its varieties. Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University 7, 113-118.
Hsu, T.-W., Wang, J.-C., and Kuoh, C. -S. 2000. Colocasia. In: Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan, eds. Flora of Taiwan, second edition. Volume 5: Angiosperms-Monocotyledons [Alismataceae-Triuridaceae]. Department of Botany, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
IPGRI 1999. Descriptors for Taro (Colocasia esculenta). International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy. Download 
Ivancic, A., Quero Garcia, J., and Lebot, V. 2003. Development of tools for selecting qualitative corm characteristics of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott). Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, 581-587.
MacCaughey, V. and Emerson, J. S. 1913. The kalo in Hawaii (I). Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturalist 10, 186-195.
MacCaughey, V. and Emerson, J. S. 1913. The kalo in Hawaii (II). Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturalist 10, 225-231.
MacCaughey, V. and Emerson, J. S. 1913. The kalo in Hawaii (III). Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturalist 10, 280-288.
MacCaughey, V. and Emerson, J. S. 1913. The kalo in Hawaii (IV). Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturalist 10, 315-323.
MacCaughey, V. and Emerson, J. S. 1913. The kalo in Hawaii (V). Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturalist 10, 349-358.
MacCaughey, V. and Emerson, J. S. 1913. The kalo in Hawaii (VI). Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturalist 10, 371-373.
MacCaughey, V. and Emerson, J. S. 1914e. A revised list of Hawaiian varietal names for kalo. Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturalist 11, 338-341.
Manrique, L. A. 1996. Glossary of Taro Terms. Manrique International Agrotech, Honolulu, Hawai‘i.
Plucknett, D. L. 1970. Tropical root and tuber crops tomorrow. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Tropical Root and Tuber Crops. College of Tropical Agriculture, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu Hawai‘i, Vol. 1, pp. 171.
Pratt, D.H. 1998. A Pocket Guide to Hawai‘i's Trees and Shrubs. Mutual Publishing, Honolulu, Hawai‘i.
Trujillo, E. E., Menezes, T. D., Cavaletto, C. G., Shimabuku, R. and Fukuda, S. K. 2002. Promising new taro cultivars with resistance to taro leaf blight: 'Pa‘lehua', 'Pa‘akala', and 'Pauakea'. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Download
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. and Sohmer, S.H. 1999. Colocasia. In Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, pp. 1356-1357.
Wang, J.-K. and Higa, S. 1993. Taro. A review of Colocasia esculenta and its potentials. University of Hawai‘i Press, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, pp. 400.
Whitney, L. D., Bowers, F. A. I. and Takahashi, M. 1939 (reprint 1997). Taro varieties in Hawaii. Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin No. 84. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, pp. 86. Web link
Abbott, I. A. 1992. La‘au Hawai‘i Traditional Hawaiian Uses of Plants. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Web link
Begley, B. W. 1979. Taro in Hawaii. The Oriental Publishing Company, Honolulu, Hawai‘i.
CTAHR 1997. Taro Mauka to Makai: A taro production and business guide for Hawai`i growers. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Web link
CTAHR 2002. Growing Plants for Hawaiian Lei: 85 Plants for Gardens, Conservation, and Business. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Web link
Emma, Queen of Hawaii. 18--. Observations on the varieties and culture of kalo. 10pp.
Greenwell, A. B. 1947. Taro-with special reference to its culture and uses in Hawaii. Economic Botany 1, 276-289.
Handy, E. S. C. 1940. The Hawaiian Planter Volume I: His plants, methods and areas of cultivation. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 161, 1-227.
Handy, E. S. C. and Handy, E. G. 1972. Native planters in old Hawaii: their life, lore, and environment. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Web link
Hollyer, J., Paul, R. and Huang, A. 2000. Processing Taro Chips. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Download
Huang, A. S., Lam, S. Y., Nakayama, T. M. and Lin, H. 1994. Microbiological and chemical changes in Poi stored at 20 degrees C. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 42, 45-48.
Huang, A. S., Titchenal, C. A. and Meilleur, B. A. 2000. Nutrient composition of taro corms and breadfruit. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 13, 859-864.
Krauss, B. H. 1993. Plants in Hawaiian Culture. University of Hawai‘i Press, Honolulu Hawai‘i.
Miller, C. D. 1927. Food values of poi, taro, and limu. Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Bulletin 37. pp.1-25.
Nip, W. K., Whitaker, C. S. and Vargo, D. 1994. Application of taro flour in cookie formulations. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 29, 463-468.
Tagodoe, A. and Nip, W. K. 1994. Functional properties of raw and precooked taro (Colocasia esculenta) flours. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 29, 457-462.
Te Rangi Hiroa (Peter H. Buck) 2003. Arts and Crafts of Hawaii. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 45. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, Hawai‘i.
Vitousek, P. M., Ladefoged, T. N., Kirch, P. V., Hartshorn, A. S., Graves, M. W., Hotchkiss, S. C., Tuljapurkar, S. and Chadwick, O. A. 2004. Soils, Agriculture, and Society in Precontact Hawai‘i. Science 304, 1665-1669.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. and Sohmer, S.H. 1999. Colocasia. In Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 1356-1357.
Williams, J.S. 1997. From the Mountains to the Sea: Early Hawaiian Life. Kamehameha Schools Press, Honolulu, Hawai‘i.
Cultivation: General information
Begley, B. W. 1979. Taro in Hawaii. The Oriental Publishing Company, Honolulu, Hawai‘i.
CTAHR 1997. Taro Mauka to Makai: A taro production and business guide for Hawai`i growers. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Web link
de la Pena, R. S. 1998. Upland Taro. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Download
El-Swaify, S. A. 2002. Impacts of land use change on soil erosion and water quality - a case study from Hawaii. 12th ISCO Conference, Beijing, pp. 267-270.
Enos, E. and Johnson, K. 1996. A Handbook of Kalo Basics: for its planting, care, preparation, and eating. Ka‘ala Farm, Inc., Wai‘anae, Hawai‘i.
MacCaughey, V. and Emerson, J. S. 1914. The kalo in Hawaii (VII). Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturalist 11, 17-23.
MacCaughey, V. and Emerson, J. S. 1914. The kalo in Hawaii (VIII). Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturalist 11, 44-51.
MacCaughey, V. and Emerson, J. S. 1914. The kalo in Hawaii (IX). Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturalist 11, 111-123.
Manrique, L. A. 1996. Glossary of Taro Terms. Manrique International Agrotech, Honolulu, Hawai‘i.
Miyasaka, S. C., Habte, M., Friday, J. B. and Johnson, E. V. 2003. Manual on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Production and Inoculation Techniques. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Download
Miyasaka, S. C., Ogoshi, R. M., Tsuji, G. Y. and Kodani, L. S. 2003. Site and planting date effects on taro growth: comparison with Aroid model predictions. Agronomy Journal 95, 545-557.
Plucknett, D. L. 1970. Tropical root and tuber crops tomorrow. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Tropical Root and Tuber Crops. College of Tropical Agriculture, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu Hawai‘i, Vol. 1, pp. 171.
Cultivation: Diseases and pests
Ferentinos, L. and Vargo, A. 1993. Taro production systems in Micronesia, Hawaii and American Samoa. Research Extension Series. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu Hawai‘i, Vol. 139, pp. 86.
Hu, J. S., Meleisea, S., Wang, M. and Reolanei, R. 1994. Detection of dasheen mosaic virus from taro plants in the field and in tissue culture. Plant Disease 78, 754.
Hu, J. S., Meleisea, S., Wang, M., Shaarawy, M. A. and Zettler, F. W. 1995. Dasheen mosaic potyvirus in Hawaiian taro. Australasian Plant Pathology 24, 112-117.
Messing, R. H. and Klungness, L. M. 2002. A two-year survey of the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae), on crop plants in Hawai‘i. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 35, 101-111.
Miyasaka S. C., Hollyer, J. R. and Kodani, L. S. 2001. Mulch and compost effects on yield and corm rots of taro. Field Crops Research 71, 101-112.
Ooka, J. J. 1994. Taro diseases: A guide for field identification. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Web link
Quitugua, R. J. and Trujillo, E. E. 1998. Survival of Phytophthora colocasiae in field soil at various temperatures and water matric potentials. Plant Disease 82, 203-207.
Sato, D. M. and Hara, A. H. 1997. Taro Root Aphid. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Download
Sato, D. M. 2000. Taro root aphid (Patchiella reaumuri [Kaltenbach]). Agricultural Pests of the Pacific. ADAP 2000-21. Download
Uchida, J. Y., Silva, J. A. and Kadooka, C. Y. 2002. Improvements in taro culture and reduction in disease levels. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Download
Sipes, B. S. and Arakaki, A. S. 1997. Root-knot nematode management in dryland taro with tropical cover crops. Journal of Nematology 29, 721-724.
Vargo, A. 2000. Taro Hornworm/Taro Hawkmoth (Hippotion celerio L.). Agricultural Pests of the Pacific. ADAP 2000-20. Download
Vargo, A. 2000. Taro Planthopper (Tarophagus proserpina [Kirkaldy]). Agricultural Pests of the Pacific. ADAP 2000-22. Download
Wall, G. C. 2000. Southern Blight (Sclerotium rolsii). Agricultural Pests of the Pacific. ADAP 2000-17. Download
Wang, J.-K. and Higa, S. 1993. Taro. A review of Colocasia esculenta and its potentials. University of Hawai‘i Press, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, pp. 400.
Xu, X. L. and Ko, W. H. 1998. A quantitative confined inoculation method for studies of pathogenicity of fungi on plants. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 39, 187-190.
Ares, A., Hwang, S. G. and Miyasaka, S. C. 1996. Taro response to different iron levels in hydroponic solution. Journal of Plant Nutrition 19, 281-292.
Austin, M. T., Constantinides, M. and Miyasaka, S. C. 1994. Effect of magnesium on early taro growth. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 25, 2159-2169.
Hill, S., Abaidoo, R. and Miyasaka, S. 1998. Sodium chloride concentration affects early growth and nutrient accumulation in taro Hortscience 33, 1153-1156.
Hill, S. A., Miyasaka, S. C. and Yost, R. S. 2000. Taro responses to excess copper in solution culture. Hortscience 35, 863-867.
Hue, N. V., Guo, F., Zhang, G., Yost, R. S. and Miyasaka, S. C. 1997. Reactions of copper sulfate with wetland-taro soils in Hawai‘i. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 28, 849-862.
Ma, Z. and Miyasaka, S. C. 1998. Oxalate exudation by taro in response to Al. Plant Physiology 118, 861-865.
Miyasaka, S. C., Hamasaki, R. T. and de la Pena, R. S. 2002. Nutrient Deficiencies and Excesses in Taro. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Web link
Miyasaka, S. C., Hollyer, J. R. and Cox, L. J. 2001. Impacts of Organic Inputs on Taro Production and Returns. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Download
Sliva, J., Uehara, G., Yamakawa, R., Bunn, P., Santo, L., Isherwood, M. and Wong, M. 1998. Interim Fertilizer Recommendations for Wet (Flooded) Taro. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Download
Irwin, S. V., Kaufusi, P., Banks, K., de la Pena, R. S. and Cho, J. J. 1998. Molecular characterization of taro (Colocasia esculenta) using RAPD markers. Euphytica 99, 183-189.
Isshiki, S., Nakamura, N., Tashiro, Y. and Miyazaki, S. 1998. Classification of the cultivars of Japanese taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) by isozyme analyses. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 67, 521-525.
Isshiki, S., Otsuka, K. i., Tashiro, Y. and Miyazaki, S. 1999. A probable origin of triploids in taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott). Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 68, 774-779.
Ivancic, A. and Lebot, V. 1999. Botany and genetics of New Caledonian wild taro, Colocasia esculenta. Pacific Science 53, 273-285.
Ivancic, A. and Lebot, V. 2000. The genetics and breeding of taro. CIRAD.
Ivancic, A., Quero Garcia, J., and Lebot, V. 2003. Development of tools for selecting qualitative corm characteristics of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott). Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, 581-587.
Jianchu, X., Yongping, Y., Yingdong, P., Ayad, W. G. and Eyzaguirre, P. B. 2001. Botany and genetics of New Caledonian wild taro, Colocasia esculenta. Economic Botany 55, 14-31.
Kokubugata, G. and Konishi, T. 1999. Implication of a basic chromosome number of x=14 in seven cultivars of two varieties of Colocasia esculenta by fluorescent in situ hybridization using rDNA probe. Cytologia Tokyo 64, 77-83.
Kreike, C. M., Van Eck, H. J. and Lebot, V. 2004. Genetic diversity of taro, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 109, 761-768.
Lakhanpaul, S., Velayudhan, K. C. and Bhat, K. V. 2003. Analysis of genetic diversity in Indian taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 50, 603-609.
Lebot, V. and Aradhya, K. M. 1991. Isozyme variation in taro (Calocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) from Asia and Oceania. Euphytica 56, 55-66.
Mace, E. S. and Godwin, I. D. 2002. Development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers in taro (Colocasia esculenta). Genome 45, 823-832.
Matsuda, M. and Nawata, E. 2002. Geographical distribution of ribosomal DNA variation in taro, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, in eastern Asia. Euphytica 128, 165-172.
Matthews, P. and Terauchi, R. 1994.The genetics of agriculture: DNA variation in taro and yam. In Tropical archaeobotany: applications and new developments, ed. Hather, J. G. Routledge, Vol. 22, pp. 251-262.
Nguyen, V. X., Yoshino, H. and Tahara, M. 1998. Genetic control of four enzymes in diploid taro, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. Breeding Science 48, 273-280.
Nguyen, V. X., Yoshino, H. and Tahara, M. 1999. Genetic analysis of 12 polymorphic isozyme loci in taro, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. Breeding Science 49, 179-185.
Ochiai, T., Nguyen, V. X., Tahara, M. and Yoshino, H. 2001. Geographical differentiation of Asian taro, Colacasia esculenta (L.) Schott, detected by RAPD and isozyme analyses. Euphytica 122, 219-234.
Pandey, G. and Dobhal, V. K. 1997. Multivariate analysis in taro (Colocasia esculenta L.). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 57, 262-265.
Quero-Garcia, J., Noyer, J. L., Perrier, X., Marchand, J. L., and Lebot, V. 2004. A germplasm stratification of taro (Colocasia esculenta) based on agro-mrophological descriptors, validation by AFLP markers. Euphytica 137, 387-395.
Schnell, R. J., Goenaga, R. and Olano, C. T. 1999. Genetic similarities among cocoyam cultivars based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Scientia Horticulturae Amsterdam 80, 267-276.