Introduction
This compilation of references on the Hawaiian arthropod fauna emerged from an exercise that eventually produced the Hawaiian Terrestrial Arthropod Checklist (Nishida (ed.) 1992, 1994). The references incorporated in this bibliography cover terrestrial and freshwater Hawaiian arthropods, and also marine insects. An attempt has been made to include as many references from the "gray literature," as possible. Also included are non-Hawaiian references that impact the Hawaiian fauna, for example, original descriptions of species or references that document misidentifications and synonymies or other taxonomic modifications.
This bibliography is far from complete and my apologies to those whose works have been missed. A page by page search of the extant literature is an enormous task, and though the technology is available, the capability to do such a search is not. Therefore, a compromise approach was taken in which those publications and journals native to Hawaii were comprehensively searched, while a more shotgun approach was taken for extra-Hawaiian literature. As this project advanced, the methodology for gathering the data evolved, resulting in more complete references for those databased more recently. Authors of notes and exhibitions in society journals (specifically the Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society) have not been included in this edition, they are intended to be retrospectively captured in the future. An effort was made to verify publication details by examining originals whenever possible. A small portion of the entries (<4%) were not conveniently available to be checked and those are referenced from a secondary source such as Index Litteraturae Entomologicae (Horn and Schenkling 1928) or the Zoological Record. As is the nature of bibliographies they are outdated the instant they are published. I would be extremely grateful for any information on missing or incorrect references as this work is intended to be maintained and augmented on a regular basis.
Consistancy is always a problem in bibliographies. Publications themselves are occasionally inconsistant with volume numbering and even journal titles. Standards for the abbreviations used for journal or serial names normally follow BIOSIS with one notable exception, entomology is abbreviated "ent" rather than "entomol." Another convention used is in citing the numbering of the publication. Because of the field structure of the database, the numbering schemes of the various journals and series have been normalized (standardized). Where multiple series have been published for the same journal, the series number is placed in parentheses and precedes the publication number. The publication number may be the volume or in cases of series, the number of the publication. If available, another number designation (usually the issue number of the volume) is also placed in parentheses and follows the publication number and may refer alternatively to issue number or part or chapter or some other lesser identifying designation.
The use of diacritical marks and special characters is not based on the original works. When this project began, the database programs available at the time did not permit the use of special characters and so they were generally ignored. For this product, diacritical marks and special characters were added secondarily and from secondary sources, so they may not exactly reflect the original publication. Additionally, many titles are published entirely in upper case, resulting in some interpretation in presention in lower case. However, the title and the pagination are included verbatim for those that have been checked. The authors given names are presented as initials, and for those authors who used various combinations of given names and initials, one set of initials is used, usually the most comprehensive combination.
This bibliography is a part of a suite of databases being developed by the Hawaii Biological Survey (HBS) to help facilitate research on the Hawaiian fauna by making available basic information on biological elements. Presently available on the Bishop Museum world wide web site are authority files (checklists) for virtually all taxa in the Hawaiian Islands. This bibliography provides access to the references that support the arthropod checklist. Still in progress is a citations database that will include citations to arthropod references updated to current taxonomic standards as far as is known (see Hawaiian Terrestrial Arthropod Checklist). The HBS web pages are constantly being updated as new and better information becomes available; improved as delivery methods and techniques develop, and augmented as data becomes available from other HBS databases. The url for the Entomology home page is:
http://www.bishopmuseum.org/bishop/ento/ento.html.
The Hawaii Biological Survey home page is at:
http://www.bishopmuseum.org/bishop/HBS/hbs1.html
Acknowledgments:
This work was partly supported by a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. We gratefully acknowledge their support. A portion of the work was completed with support from the National Biological Service (now Biological Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Service) to whom we are also indebted.
Thanks to Duane Wenzel and his helpful staff at Bishop Museum Library, who have put up with many years of stack haunting and odd requests. Thanks also to Ann Marsteller at the Hawaii Sugar Planters' Association Library for her generous help in many repeat visits. Thanks to the staffs of the University of Hawaii Hamilton and Sinclair Libraries and the Biological Sciences, Bancroft and Main libraries at the University of California, Berkeley. I am also indebted to the staff in the Department of Natural Sciences, Bishop Museum who were quick to point out and even provide newly published or uncommon literature references. Special thanks to Karin Kami, whose efficient and expert help was indispensable during the data capture and processing phase of the citations project, which led to this product. Thanks to Neal Evenhuis whose critical eye and exceptional editing abilities vastly improved this manuscript. Finally, thanks to Scott Miller, whose phenomenal abilities to sift through unbelievable reams of literature and find obscure Hawaiian references are responsible for most of the unusual entries.