Homepage / Checklist of families
Family ANISOPODIDAE
The Anisopodidae (wood gnats) are a cosmopolitan family of nematocerous flies of small to medium size. Adults of extant forms are often found in association with larval habits, such as bleeding wounds of tree trunks and are known to feed on nectar and other liquids. Larvae are saprophagous and are chiefly found in decaying and moist substrates of various kinds including fermenting organic matter, exudates from trees, manure, leaves and roots, and rotting wood.
With the recent transferal of Eopleciidae and Sinotendipedidae to Anisopodidae (by Pape et al., 2011), as well as Tega Blagoderov (by Lukashevich, 2012b), the fossil constituency of this family is represented in this catalog by 18 fossil genera, 3 extant genera and 47 species. The oldest representatives are found in the Lower Jurassic. Additionally, McAlpine & Martin (1969: 837) recorded an unidentified specimen from the Upper Cretaceous amber of Canada, Hurd et al. (1962) recorded the family from the Miocene amber of Chiapas, Mexico, and Schumann & Wendt (1989) recorded the family from the Eocene Bitterfeld (= Baltic) amber of Germany.
Kovalev (1982) implied that the venation of Beipiaoplecia Lin may have been misinterpreted and that the genus may belong to the asilomorphs, but when Kovalev (1990) added the genus Eomycetophila Kovalev and reviewed the generic composition of the Eopleciidae, Beipiaoplecia was retained in that family. Zhang et al. (1993) considered Beipiaoplecia as unplaced to familial level. It is provisionally retained in this catalog in the Anisopodidae pending further study.
The fossil Caloneura Hong has a peculiar wing venation and the depictions in the two illustrations in Hong (1981) are different from each other and different from that in the photograph (Hong, 1981: pl. 49). The venation depicted is unlike any known Anisopodidae. Until such time as the type specimen can be restudied, it is treated in this catalog (under the replacement name Hongocaloneura) in Unplaced Nematocera.
Refs.: Edwards (1928, review of world fossils); Kovalev (1990, review of fossil genera [as “Eopleciidae”]).; Grimaldi (1991, review of New World amber taxa).
Genus EOANISOPODITES Hong
EOANISOPODITES Hong, 2002: 329. Unavailable name; genus
proposed after 1999 based on an unavailable species group name.
fushunensis Hong, 2002: 330. Unavailable name;
species-group name proposed after 1999 without mention of a type depository.
PA: China (Eocene) [A].
Genus EOMYCETOPHILA Kovalev
EOMYCETOPHILA Kovalev, 1990: 149. Type species: Eomycetophila asymmetrica Kovalev, 1990, by original designation.
asymmetrica Kovalev, 1990: 149. PA: Russia (Siberia)
(Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous) [C].
Genus EOPLECIA Handlirsch
EOPLECIA Handlirsch, 1920: 203 [1939: 104]. Type
species: Eoplecia primitiva Handlirsch, 1920, by monotypy.
primitiva Handlirsch, 1920: 203 [1939: 104]. PA:
Germany (Lower Jurassic) [C].
Genus GANSUPLECIA Hong & Wang
GANSUPLECIA Hong & Wang, 1990: 144. Type
species: Gansuplecia triporata Hong & Wang, 1990, by original designation.
triporata Hong & Wang, 1990: 144. PA: China
(Upper Jurassic) [C].
triangulata. Incorrect original spelling of triporata (Hong & Wang, 1990: 145).
Genus JUROLAEMARGUS Evenhuis
LAEMARGUS Hong, 1983: 119. Type species: Laemargus yujiagouensis Hong, 1983, by original designation. [Preoccupied by Müller & Henle, 1837.]
JUROLAEMARGUS Evenhuis, 1994b: 112 (new replacement name for Laemargus Hong). Type species: Laemargus yujiagouensis Hong, 1983, automatic.
yujiagouensis Hong, 1983: 119 (Laemargus).
PA: China (Middle Jurassic) [C].
Genus LEPTOPLECIA Hong
LEPTOPLECIA Hong, 1983: 120. Type species: Leptoplecia laevis Hong, 1983, by original
designation.
LEOTOPLECIA. Incorrect original spelling of Leptoplecia (Hong, 1983: 212).
laevis Hong, 1983: 120. PA: China (Middle Jurassic) [C].
Genus MEGARHYPHUS Kovalev
MEGARHYPHUS Kovalev, 1990: 139. Type species: Megarhyphus sophiae Kovalev, 1990, by original designation.
EOPLECIA Handlirsch, 1920: 203 (1939: 104). Type
species: Eoplecia primitiva Handlirsch, 1920, by monotypy.
amberae Krzeminska, Coram & Krzeminski, 2010: 693. PA: UK (Lower Jurassic) [C].
rarus Zhang, 2007: 284. PA: China (Middle Jurassic) [C].
rectinervis Kovalev, 1990: 139. PA: Russia (Siberia)
(Upper Jurassic) [C].
sophiae Kovalev, 1990: 136. PA: Russia (Siberia)
(Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous) [C].
Genus MESOBRACHYOPTERYX Hong & Wang
MESOBRACHYOPTERYX Hong & Wang, 1990: 148. Type species: Mesobrachyopteryx shandongensis Hong & Wang, 1990, by original designation.
MESOBRACHYOPTRYX. Incorrect original spelling of Mesobrachyopteryx (Regional Geological Surveying
Team, 1990: table 3).
shandongensis Hong & Wang, 1990: 149. PA: China
(Upper Jurassic) [C].
Genus MESOCHRIA Enderlein
*MESOCHRIA Enderlein, 1910: 65.
Type species: Mesochria scottiana Enderlein, 1910, by original designation.
neotropica Grimaldi, 1991: 21. NT: Dominican
Republic (Miocene) [A].
Genus MESORHYPHUS Handlirsch
MESORHYPHUS Handlirsch, 1920: 203. Type species: Mesorhyphus nanus Handlirsch, 1920, by
monotypy.
MESORHYPHOIDES Rohdendorf, 1962: 331 (1991: 481).
Unavailable name; proposed after 1930 without diagnosis or description.
PROTOLBIOGASTER Rohdendorf, 1962: 332 (1991: 483). Type
species: Protolbiogaster rhaetica Rohdendorf, 1962, by original designation.
anomalus Handlirsch, 1939: 103. PA: Germany
(Lower Jurassic) [C].
clavipes Kovalev, 1990: 143 . PA: Russia
(Siberia) (Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous) [C].
handlirschi Lukashevich, 2012: (280). PA: Mongolia (Upper Jurassic) [C].
hennigi Lukashevich, 2012: (280). PA: Mongolia
(Upper Jurassic) [C].
nanus Handlirsch, 1920: 203 [1939: 102]. PA: Germany (Lower
Jurassic) [C].
areolatus Handlirsch, 1939: 103. PA: Germany (Lower Jurassic) [C].
rhaeticus Rohdendorf, 1962: 332 (1991: 483) (Protolbiogaster).
PA: Kirghizistan (Lower Jurassic) [C].
zirzipanus Ansorge, 1996: 90. PA: Germany (Lower Jurassic) [C].
Genus MYCETOBIA Meigen
*MYCETOBIA Meigen, 1818: 229. Type
species: Mycetobia pallipes Meigen, 1818, by subsequent designation of Westwood
(1840: 127).
*MICLTOICA Rondani, 1861b: 12
(unjustified emendation of Mycetobia). Type species: Mycetobia
pallipes Meigen, 1818, automatic.
*MICETOICA Neave, 1940: 144
(unjustified emendation of Micltoica).Type
species: Mycetobia pallipes Meigen, 1818, automatic.
antillea Grimaldi, 1991: 13. NT: Dominican
Republic (Miocene) [A].
connexa Meunier, 1899b: 163 [1899e: pl. I, fig. 8]. PA: Baltic
Region (Eocene) [A].
[Made available by bibliographic reference to the
plate in Meunier (1899e).]
callida Meunier, 1904c: 90 [1904d: 101]. PA:
Baltic Region (Eocene) [A].
cryptambra Grimaldi, 1991: 17. NT: Dominican
Republic (Miocene) [A].
longipennis Meunier, 1899b: 163. PA: Baltic Region
(Eocene) [A].
parallela Keilbach, 1982: 330. Nomen nudum.
platyuroides Meunier, 1899b: 163. PA: Baltic Region
(Eocene) [A].
terricola Scudder, 1878c: 750 (Diadocidia).
NE: USA (Eocene) [C].
unicalcaratus Keilbach, 1982: 330. Nomen nudum.
Unidentified sp. -- PA: Japan (Pleistocene)
[K] (Saigusa, 1974: 426).
Genus OLBIOGASTER Osten Sacken
ADONIA Giebel, 1856: 239. Type species: Platyura fittoni Westwood, 1845 (as "fittoni Brodie"), by monotypy. [Preoccupied by Mulsant,
1846.]
*OLBIOGASTER Osten Sacken, 1886:
20. Type species: Rhyphus taeniatus Bellardi,
1862, by subsequent designation of Coquillett (1910: 579).
[Sharp (1887: 302)
mentioned that Olbiogaster was described
"for O. cognata". This phraseology is not considered in this catalog
as wording definitively designating a type species. See also Evenhuis &
Thompson (1990) for further details on the vagaries of subsequent designations
of type species.]
MYCETOPHILITES Förster, 1891:
465. Type species: Platyura fittoni Westwood,
1845, by subsequent designation of Evenhuis (1994b: 205).
[Genus originally proposed without included
species. Ttype designation is from the first included named species in
this genus in accordance with the Code.]
PSEUDADONIA Handlirsch, 1906a: 628 (new replacement
name for Adonia Giebel). Type species: Platyura fittoni Westwood, 1845, automatic.
EOTHEREVA Cockerell, 1920a: 251. Type species: Eothereva simplex Cockerell, 1920, by
original designation.
EUTHEREVA, error for Eothereva.
fittoni Westwood in Brodie, 1845: pl. 3,
fig. 9 (Platyura). PA: UK (England) (Lower Cretaceous) [C].
perezi Grimaldi & Amorim, 1995: 562. NT: Dominican Republic (Miocene). [A]
simplex Cockerell, 1920a: 251 (Eothereva).
NE: USA (Eocene) [C].
Genus OLIGOPHRYNE Rohdendorf
OLIGOPHRYNE Rohdendorf, 1962: 332 (1991: 482). Type
species: Oligophryne fungivoroides Rohdendorf, 1962, by original designation.
britannica Ansorge & Krzeminski, 1994: 117. PA: UK (Lower Jurassic) [C].
fungivoroides Rohdendorf, 1962: 332 (1991: 482). PA: Kirghizistan (Lower
Jurassic). [C].
Genus PACHYRHYPHUS Kovalev
PACHYRHYPHUS Kovalev, 1986: 130. Type species: Pachyrhyphus jakovlevli Kovalev, 1986, by original designation.
jakovlevi Kovalev, 1986: 131. PA: Mongolia (Upper
Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous) [C].
malus Kovalev, 1986: 131. PA: Mongolia (Upper Jurassic/Lower
Cretaceous) [C].
transbaicalicus Kovalev, 1990: 140. PA: Russia (Siberia)
(Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous) [C].
Genus SINORHYPHUS Hong
SINORHYPHUS Hong, 1983: 130. Type species: Sinorhyphus arcuatus Hong, 1983, by original
designation.
arcuatus Hong, 1983: 130. PA: China (Middle
Jurassic) [C].
Genus SINOTENDIPES Hong & Wang
SINOTENDIPES Hong & Wang, 1990: 136. Type
species: Sinotendipes tuanwangensis Hong & Wang, 1990, by original designation.
tuanwangensis Hong & Wang, 1990: 137. PA: China
(Upper Jurassic) [C].
Genus SYLVICOLA Harris
*SYLVICOLA Harris, 1780: 100. Type
species: Sylvicola brevis Harris, 1780 [= Tipula fenestralis Scopoli, 1763], by subsequent designation of Coquillett (1910: 610).
PHRYNE Meigen, 1800: 16. Suppressed by I.C.Z.N.
(1963: 339).
*ANISOPUS Meigen, 1803: 264. Type
species: Anisopus fuscus Meigen, 1804
[= Tipula fuscata Fabricius, 1775], by subsequent designation of Coquillett (1910: 507).
*RHYPHUS Latreille, 1804: 188.
Type species: Tipula fenestralis Scopoli, 1763 [as “fenestrarum”], by
monotypy.
BRIA Giebel, 1856: 226. Type species: Rhyphus priscus Westwood, 1845 (as “priscus Brodie”), by monotypy.
ASARCOMYIA Scudder, 1890: 567. Type species: Asarcomyia cadaver Scudder, 1890, by
monotypy.
cadaver Scudder, 1890: 567 (Asarcomyia).
NE: USA (Eocene) [C].
carolae Lewis, 1969: 111 (Anisopus).
NE: USA (Miocene) [C].
hooleyi Cockerell, 1921c: 467 (Rhyphus).
PA: UK (England) (Eocene/Oligocene) [C].
lugubris Heer, 1849: 209 (Rhyphus). PA:
Croatia (Miocene) [C].
maculata Heer, 1849: 208 (Rhyphus). PA:
Croatia (Miocene) [C].
prisca Westwood in Brodie, 1845: pl. 4, fig., 10 (Rhyphus). PA: UK (England) (Lower
Cretaceous) [C].
splendida Meunier, 1907b: 400 (Rhyphus).
PA: Baltic Region (Eocene) [A].
thiriona Meunier, 1904e: 399 (Rhyphus).
PA: Baltic Region (Eocene) [A].
Unidentified sp.-PA: Sicily (Miocene)
[A] (Guérin-Méneville, 1838a: 170).
Unidentified sp.-PA: France (Oligocene)
[C] (Serres, 1829: 231).
Genus THIRAS Giebel
THIRAS Giebel, 1856: 235. Type species Thiras westwoodi Giebel, 1856, by monotypy.
westwoodi Giebel, 1856: 235. PA: UK (England)
(Lower Cretaceous) [C].
Questionably Included in EOPLECIIDAE
Genus BEIPAIOPLECIA Lin
BEIPAIOPLECIA Lin, 1976: 110. Type species: Beipiaoplecia malleformis Lin, 1976, by original designation.
BEIPAIOPLECIA. Incorrect original spelling of Beipiaoplecia (Lin, 1976: 98).
malleformis Lin, 1976: 111. PA: China (Upper
Jurassic) [C]; PA: China (Middle Jurassic) [C].