Family ANISOPODIDAE

 

The Anisopodidae are a cosmopolitan family of nematocerous flies of small to medium size. Adults of extant forms are often found in association with larval habits, such as bleeding wounds of tree trunks and are known to feed on nectar and other liquids. Larvae are saprophagous and are chiefly found in decaying and moist substrates of various kinds including fermenting organic matter, exudates from trees, manure, leaves and roots, and rotting wood.

The fossil constituency of this family is represented by 8 fossil genera, 4 extant genera and 36 species. The oldest representatives are found in the Lower Jurassic of Kirghizistan. Additionally, McAlpine & Martin (1969: 837) recorded an unidentified specimen from the Upper Cretaceous amber of Canada, Hurd et al. (1962) recorded the family from the Miocene amber of Chiapas, Mexico, and Schumann & Wendt (1989) recorded the family from the Miocene Bitterfeld amber of Germany.

The fossil Caloneura Hong has a peculiar wing venation and the depictions in the two illustrations in Hong (1981) are different from each other and different from that in the photograph (Hong, 1981: pl. 49). The venation depicted is unlike Anisopodidae. Until such time as the type specimen can be restudied, it is transferred in this catalog (under the new replacement name Hongocaloneura) to Unplaced Nematocera.

Refs.: Edwards (1928, review of world fossils); Grimaldi (1991, review of New World amber taxa).

 

Genus MEGARHYPHUS Kovalev

MEGARHYPHUS Kovalev, 1990: 139. Type species: Megarhyphus sophiae Kovalev, 1990, by original designation.

rectinervis Kovalev, 1990: 139. PA: Russia (Siberia) (Upper Jurassic) [C].
sophiae Kovalev, 1990: 136. PA: Russia (Siberia) (Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous) [C].

 

Genus MESOBRACHYOPTERYX Hong & Wang

MESOBRACHYOPTERYX Hong & Wang, 1990: 148. Type species Mesobrachyopteryx shandongensis Hong & Wang, 1990, by original designation.
MESOBRACHYOPTRYX. Incorrect original spelling of Mesobrachyopteryx (Regional Geological Surveying Team, 1990: table 3).

shandongensis Hong & Wang, 1990: 149. PA: China (Upper Jurassic) [C].

 

Genus MESOCHRIA Enderlein

*MESOCHRIA Enderlein, 1910: 65. Type species: Mesochria scottiana Enderlein, 1910, by original designation.

neotropica Grimaldi, 1991: 21. NT: Dominican Republic (Oligocene/Miocene) [A].

 

Genus MESORHYPHUS Handlirsch

MESORHYPHUS Handlirsch, 1920: 203. Type species: Mesorhyphus nanus Handlirsch, 1920, by monotypy.
MESORHYPHOIDES Rohdendorf, 1962: 331 (1991: 481). Unavailable name; proposed after 1930 without diagnosis or description.
PROTOLBIOGASTER Rohdendorf, 1962: 332 (1991: 483). Type species: Protolbiogaster rhaetica Rohdendorf, 1962, by original designation.

anomalus Handlirsch, 1939: 103. PA: Germany (Lower Jurassic) [C].
areolatus Handlirsch, 1939: 103. PA: Germany (Lower Jurassic) [C].
clavipes Kovalev, 1990: 143 . PA: Russia (Siberia) (Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous) [C].
nanus Handlirsch, 1920: 203 [1939: 102]. PA: Germany (Lower Jurassic) [C].
rhaeticus Rohdendorf, 1962: 332 (1991: 483) (Protolbiogaster). PA: Kirghizistan (Lower Jurassic) [C].

 

Genus MYCETOBIA Meigen

*MYCETOBIA Meigen, 1818: 229. Type species: Mycetobia pallipes Meigen, 1818, by subsequent designation of Westwood (1840: 127).
*MICLTOICA Rondani, 1861b: 12 (unjustified emendation of Mycetobia). Type species: Mycetobia pallipes Meigen, 1818, automatic.
*MICETOICA Neave, 1940: 144 (unjustified emendation of Micltoica).Type species: Mycetobia pallipes Meigen, 1818, automatic.

antillea Grimaldi, 1991: 13. NT: Dominican Republic (Oligocene/Miocene) [A].
connexa Meunier, 1899b: 163 [1899e: pl. I, fig. 8]. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/ Oligocene) [A].
[Validated by bibliographic reference to the plate in Meunier (1899e).]

callida Meunier, 1904c: 90 [1904d: 101]. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A].
cryptambra Grimaldi, 1991: 17. NT: Dominican Republic (Oligocene/Miocene) [A].
longipennis Meunier, 1899b: 163. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A].
parallela Keilbach, 1982: 330. Nomen nudum.
platyuroides Meunier, 1899b: 163. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A].
terricola Scudder, 1878c: 750 (Diadocidia). NE: USA (Eocene) [C].
unicalcaratus Keilbach, 1982: 330. Nomen nudum.
Unidentified sp.-PA: Japan (Pleistocene) [K] (Saigusa, 1974: 426).

 

Genus OLBIOGASTER Osten Sacken

ADONIA Giebel, 1856: 239. Type species: Platyura fittoni Westwood, 1845 (as "fittoni Brodie"), by monotypy. [Preoccupied by Mulsant, 1846.]
*OLBIOGASTER Osten Sacken, 1886: 20. Type species: Rhyphus taeniatus Bellardi, 1862, by subsequent designation of Coquillett (1910: 579).
[Sharp (1887: 302) mentioned that Olbiogaster was described "for O. cognata". This phraseology is not considered in this catalog as wording definitively designating a type species. See also Evenhuis & Thompson (1990) for further details on the vagaries of subsequent designations of type species.]
MYCETOPHILITES Förster, 1891: 465. Type species: Platyura fittoni Westwood, 1845, by present designation.
[Genus originally proposed without included species. Present type designation is from the first included named species in this genus in accordance with the Code.]
PSEUDADONIA Handlirsch, 1906a: 628 (new replacement name for Adonia Giebel). Type species: Platyura fittoni Westwood, 1845, automatic.
EOTHEREVA Cockerell, 1920a: 251. Type species: Eothereva simplex Cockerell, 1920, by original designation.
EUTHEREVA, error for Eothereva.

fittoni Westwood in Brodie, 1845: pl. 3, fig. 9 (Platyura). PA: UK (England) (Lower Cretaceous) [C].
simplex Cockerell, 1920a: 251 (Eothereva). NE: USA (Eocene) [C].

 

 

Genus PACHYRHYPHUS Kovalev

PACHYRHYPHUS Kovalev, 1986: 130. Type species: Pachyrhyphus jakovlevli Kovalev, 1986, by original designation.

jakovlevi Kovalev, 1986: 131. PA: Mongolia (Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous) [C].
malus Kovalev, 1986: 131. PA: Mongolia (Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous) [C].
transbaicalicus Kovalev, 1990: 140. PA: Russia (Siberia) (Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous) [C].

 

Genus SINORHYPHUS Hong

SINORHYPHUS Hong, 1983: 130. Type species: Sinorhyphus arcuatus Hong, 1983, by original designation.

arcuatus Hong, 1983: 130. PA: China (Middle Jurassic) [C].

 

 

Genus SYLVICOLA Harris

*SYLVICOLA Harris, 1780: 100. Type species: Sylvicola brevis Harris, 1780 [= Tipula fenestralis Scopoli, 1763], by subsequent designation of Coquillett (1910: 610).
PHRYNE Meigen, 1800: 16. Suppressed by I.C.Z.N. (1963: 339).
*ANISOPUS Meigen, 1803: 264. Type species: Anisopus fuscus Meigen, 1804 [= Tipula fuscata Fabricius, 1775], by subsequent designation of Coquillett (1910: 507).
*RHYPHUS Latreille, 1804: 188. Type species: Tipula fenestralis Scopoli, 1763 [as "fenestrarum"], by monotypy.
BRIA Giebel, 1856: 226. Type species: Rhyphus priscus Westwood, 1845 (as "priscus Brodie"), by monotypy.
ASARCOMYIA Scudder, 1890: 567. Type species: Asarcomyia cadaver Scudder, 1890, by monotypy.

cadaver Scudder, 1890: 567 (Asarcomyia). NE: USA (Eocene) [C].
carolae Lewis, 1969: 111 (Anisopus). NE: USA (Miocene) [C].
hooleyi Cockerell, 1921c: 467 (Rhyphus). PA: UK (England) (Eocene/Oligocene) [C].
lugubris Heer, 1849: 209 (Rhyphus). PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C].
maculata Heer, 1849: 208 (Rhyphus). PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C].
prisca Westwood in Brodie, 1845: pl. 4, fig., 10 (Rhyphus). PA: UK (England) (Lower Cretaceous) [C].
splendida Meunier, 1907b: 400 (Rhyphus). PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A].
thiriona Meunier, 1904e: 399 (Rhyphus). PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A].
Unidentified sp.-PA: Sicily (Miocene) [A] (Guérin-Méneville, 1838a: 170).
Unidentified sp.-PA: France (Oligocene) [C] (Serres, 1829: 231).

 

Genus THIRAS Giebel

THIRAS Giebel, 1856: 235. Type species Thiras westwoodi Giebel, 1856, by monotypy.

westwoodi Giebel, 1856: 235. PA: UK (England) (Lower Cretaceous) [C].

 

Genus VALSEGUYA Colless

*VALSEGUYA Colless, 1990: 351. Type species: Valseguya rieki Colless, 1990, by monotypy.

disjuncta Grimaldi, 1991: 5. NT: Dominican Republic (Oligocene/Miocene) [A].