Homepage / Checklist of families
Family
BIBIONIDAE
Bibionids, commonly called march flies, love bugs, or harlequin flies, are found in all regions of the globe and comprise some 1,100 living and fossil species (Pape et al., 2011). They are the largest family of fossil Diptera with 367 species described in 11 genera. Adults of extant forms are commonly found hovering in mating swarms. Some are nectar and pollen feeders. Immature stages are herbivorous, with some feeding on roots and tubers. Most larvae breed in rotting leaves and other decaying vegetation.
The oldest recorded compression fossils of Bibionidae are from the Upper Triassic deposits of the Dan River formation of North America (Olsen et al., 1978). Peterson (1975) described a species of Bibio from Upper Cretaceous Canadian amber, Rayner (1987) discussed an assemblage of Mid- to Upper Cretaceous bibionids from Botswana, and Zherichin & Sukacheva (1973) mentioned an undescribed species of the family from Upper Cretaceous Siberian amber.
Other
undescribed fossils include the records of bibionids from the Pliocene of
Turkmenia (Rohdendorf, 1964), Miocene of Austria (Bachmayer, 1974), the Upper
Cretaceous deposits of the Isle of Mull, Scotland (Jarzembowski, 1978: 251),
the Lower Cretaceous Santana Formation of Brazil (Grimaldi, 1990: 178;
Maisey, 1991: 422), an unpublished records of the family from the Eocene Kishsnehn Formation of Montana, USA (D. Greenwalt, pers. comm.).
Gentilini (1991a) asserted that the majority of Rice’s
(1959) species of Plecia may have to
be transferred to Penthetria. These
taxa are here left in Plecia until
examination of the type material can be conducted.
Zhang (1993) transferred Clothonopsis
miocenica Hong & Wang from the Embioptera to the Bibionidae after
restudying the description and illustrations provided by Hong & Wang
(1987). Pape et al. (2011: 224)
transferred the Lower Cretaceous Burmese amber Cascoplecia Poinar from the Cascopleciidae to Bibionidae. Ross
& Jarzembowski (1996) transferred Termes
grandaevus Brodie, 1845 from Isopoda to this family. It is here treated as
unplaced in Bibionidae.
Ref.: Rice (1959, review of Canadian taxa); Dürrenfeldt (1968, new German
Pliocene species).
Genus BIBIO
Linnaeus
*BIBIO Geoffroy, 1762: 568. Type
species: Tipula hortulana Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation of
Latreille (1810: 442) (as "Hirtea hortulana Fabr.").
[Validated by I.C.Z.N. (1957a: 86).]
*BIBIONUS Rafinesque, 1815: 130
(unnecessary new replacement name for Bibio Linnaeus). Type species: Tipula hortulana Linnaeus, 1758,
automatic.
DICHANEURUM Aymard, 1856: 42. Nomen nudum.
LITHOBIBIO Beier, 1952: 133. Type species: Lithobibio styriacus Beier,
1952, by monotypy.
acaptus Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 59. PA: Germany
(Pliocene) [C].
aerosus Statz, 1943: 50. PA: Germany (Oligocene)
[C].
alacris Oustalet, 1870: 127. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
albangulus Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 69. PA: Germany
(Pliocene) [C].
anasiformis Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 70. PA: Germany
(Pliocene) [C].
anatolicus
Skartveit & Nel, 2012: 52. PA: Turkey (Oligocene) [C].
angustatus Heer, 1849: 215. PA:
Switzerland (Miocene) [C].
antiquus Heyden, 1956: 201. PA: Germany (Miocene)
[C].
atavus Cockerell, 1909f: 173. NE: USA (Oligocene)
[C].
auripes Statz, 1943: 51. PA: Germany (Oligocene)
[C].
aymardi Maneval, 1936:
34. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
infossum Aymard, 1856: 42 (Dichaneurum).
Nomen nudum.
primaevum
Aymard, 1856: 42 (Dichaneurum). Nomen nudum.
batheri Pongrácz, 1928:
180. PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C].
baumbergeri Théobald, 1937a: 223. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
boulayi Riou, 1992: 128. PA: France (Miocene) [C].
brachypodus Zhang, 1989a: 351. PA: China (Miocene)
[C].
brachypteroides Meunier, 1915c: 215. PA: Germany
(Oligocene) [C].
*brunettii Hardy, 1973: 435 (new
replacement name for abdominalis Brunetti). OR: India; PA: China
(Miocene) [C].
*abdominalis
Brunetti, 1911a: 276. OR: India; PA: China (Miocene) [C]. [Preoccupied by
Fabricius, 1805.]
brunneifemus Zhang, 1989a: 343. PA: China (Miocene)
[C].
brunneus Zhang, 1989a: 351. PA: China (Miocene) [C].
bullatus Hong, 1985: 27 (Fungivora). PA:
China (Miocene) [C].
capnodes Melander, 1949: 22. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C].
carnificus
Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 59. PA: Germany (Pliocene) [C].
celasensis Théobald, 1937a: 139. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
cockerelli James, 1937: 242. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C].
colossoceps Zhang, 1989a: 347. PA: China (Miocene) [C].
comosella
Statz, 1943: 47. PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
conformans Théobald, 1937a: 335. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
consolidus Théobald, 1937a: 225. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
constringtus
Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 60. PA: Germany (Pliocene) [C].
contererus Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 54. PA: Germany
(Pliocene) [C].
cratopodus Zhang, 1989a: 354. PA: China (Miocene)
[C].
cruciformis Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 68. PA: Germany
(Pliocene) [C].
curtisii
Heer, 1856: 34. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
cylindratus
Oustalet, 1870: 133. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
deflectus Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 62. PA: Germany
(Pliocene) [C].
deformatus Zhang, 1989a: 345. PA: China (Miocene)
[C].
deletus Heyden, 1859: 14. PA: Germany (Oligocene)
[C].
detractus Théobald, 1937a: 334. PA: France (Oligocene)
[C].
discerptus Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 65. PA: Germany
(Pliocene) [C].
disjectus
Théobald, 1937a: 334. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
dislocatus Théobald, 1937a: 224. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
dormitus Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 55. PA: Germany
(Pliocene) [C].
dubius Germar, 1837: pl. 24 (Phthiria).
PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
elegantulus Novák,
1877: 85. PA: Czech Republic (Oligocene) [C].
elongatipennis
Théobald, 1937a: 141. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
elongatus Heer, 1849: 214. PA: Switzerland (Miocene) [C].
enormus Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 55. PA: Germany
(Pliocene) [C].
enterodelus Unger, 1841: 428. PA: Croatia (Miocene)
[C].
excurvatus
Melander, 1949: 23. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C].
eximius Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994: 199. PA:
China (Miocene) [C].
expansus
Zhang, 1989a: 344. PA: China (Miocene) [C].
explanatus Melander, 1949: 23. NE: USA (Oligocene)
[C].
extremus
Cockerell, 1921c: 468. PA: UK (England) (Eocene/Oligocene) [C].
firmus
Heer, 1849: 226. PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C].
*flavissimus
Brunetti, 1925: 448. OR: India; Borneo, Philippines, AU: New Guinea; PA: China
(Miocene) [C].
formosus Novák, 1877: 85. PA: Czech Republic
(Oligocene) [C].
fusiformis Heer, 1849: 219. PA: Switzerland (Miocene) [C].
germari Meunier, 1920a: 652. PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
giganteus Unger, 1841: 427. PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C].
gigas Oustalet, 1870: 122. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
gracilis Unger, 1841: 426. PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C].
gurnetensis Cockerell, 1917b: 375. PA: UK (England)
(Eocene/Oligocene) [C].
heroica Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 29 (Plecia).
PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
inflexus
Théobald, 1937a: 404. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
infumatus Meunier, 1915c: 214. PA: Germany
(Oligocene) [C].
jamesi Melander, 1949: 24. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C].
janus Heyden, 1870: 257. PA: Germany (Oligocene)
[C].
jourascencis Théobald in Piton & Théobald,
1935: 69. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
kochii Staub, 1883: 280.
PA: Germany (Miocene) [C].
larteti Oustalet, 1870: 137. PA: France (Oligocene)
[C].
latahensis
Lewis, 1969: 110. NE: USA (Miocene) [C].
latiantennatus
Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 51. PA: Germany (Pliocene) [C].
lignarius
Germar, 1837: pl. 23. PA: Germany (Miocene) [C]; Croatia (Miocene) [C].
ungeri
Heer, 1849: 218. PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C].
linearis Heer, 1849: 214. PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C].
lividus
Heer, 1849: 223. PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C].
longineurus
Zhang, 1989a: 357. PA: China (Miocene) [C].
luteipennis Théobald, 1937a: 333. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
macer
Oustalet, 1870: 126. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
maceratus Théobald, 1937a: 142. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
maculatus Heer, 1849: 219. PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C].
marginatus Oustalet, 1870: 125 (as ungeri
subspecies). PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
marmoratus Pongrácz,
1928: 186. PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C].
martinsi Heer, 1861: 153. Nomen nudum.
medioalbus Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 53. PA: Germany
(Pliocene) [C].
mimas Heyden, 1870: 258. PA: Germany (Oligocene)
[C].
minor Oustalet, 1870: 134 (as gracilis subspecies.). PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
miocenicus Hong & Wang, 1985: 3. PA: China
(Miocene) [C].
moestus Heer, 1849: 224. PA: Germany & France
(Miocene) [C].
maestus Sherborn,
1928: 4124 (unnecessary replacement name for moestus Heer, 1849).
morio Heer, 1849: 222. PA: Croatia & France (Miocene) [C].
incrassatus Heer, 1849: 221. PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C].
murchisonis Unger, 1841: 426. PA: Croatia (Miocene)
[C].
nebulosus Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 66. PA: Germany (Pliocene) [C].
nigricosta
Skartveit & Nel, 2012: 56. PA: Turkey (Oligocene) [C].
nigripennis Théobald, 1937a: 286.
PA: France (Oligocene) [C]. [Preoccupied by Brunetti, 1913; no new replacement
name proposed here.]
oblitus Cockerell, 1921c: 468. PA: UK (England)
(Eocene/Oligocene) [C].
oblongus Heer, 1849: 227. PA: Switzerland (Miocene) [C].
obtusus Théobald, 1937a: 140. PA:
France (Oligocene) [C].
oeningensis Heer, 1849: 221. PA: Switzerland (Miocene)
[C].
oligocenus Cockerell, 1917b: 375. PA: UK (England)
(Eocene/Oligocene) [C].
painvini Meunier, 1915b: 16. PA: Germany (Oligocene)
[C].
pannosus Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 20. PA: Germany
(Oligocene) [C].
parenti Théobald, 1937a: 224. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
partschii Heer, 1849: 216. PA: Croatia (Miocene)
[C].
penisularis Zhang, 1993: 144. PA: China (Miocene)
[C].
peraffinis Zhang, 1989a: 346. PA: China (Miocene)
[C].
pinguis Heer, 1849: 220. PA: Switzerland (Miocene) [C].
podager
Melander, 1949: 24. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C].
praecidus Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 61. PA: Germany
(Pliocene) [C].
pulchellus Heer, 1849: 217. PA: Switzerland (Miocene) [C].
radobojanus
Heer, 1949: 220 (as pinguis subspecies). PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C].
robustus Oustalet, 1870: 128. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
rohli Statz, 1943: 46. PA: Germany (Oligocene)
[C].
romani Théobald, 1937a: 336. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
rottensis
Statz, 1943: 48. PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
ruptineurus
Zhang, 1989a: 356. PA: China (Miocene) [C].
sadoensis Fujiyama, 1985: 51. PA: Japan (Miocene)
[C].
sereri Massalongo, 1856:
21. PA: Italy (Eocene) [C].
serresi Théobald, 1937a: 336. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
shanwangensis Hong, 1984a: 3. PA: China (Miocene) [C].
similis
Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 64. PA: Germany (Pliocene) [C]. [Preoccupied by James, 1936;
no new replacement name proposed here.]
soldatus
Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 56. PA: Germany (Pliocene) [C].
spadicus Statz, 1943: 51. PA: Germany (Oligocene)
[C].
spectabilis Théobald, 1937a: 333. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
sticheli Handlirsch, 1911: 180. PA: Slovenia
(Miocene) [C]; PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
heydeni
Meunier, 1920a: 653. PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
styriacus Beier, 1952: 133 (Lithobibio).
PA: Austria (Miocene) [C].
tenuiapicalis Théobald, 1937a: 40. PA: France (Oligocene)
[C].
tenuis Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 71. PA:
Germany (Pliocene) [C].
tertiarius Heyden, 1862: 78. PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
testus Lewis, 1969: 111. NE: USA (Miocene) [C].
tranopterus
Zhang, 1989a: 353. PA: China (Miocene) [C].
tripus Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 58. PA: Germany
(Pliocene) [C].
udus Zhang,
Sun & Zhang, 1994: 198. PA: China (Miocene) [C].
varineurus
Zhang, 1989a: 355. PA: China (Miocene) [C].
ventricosus Zhang, 1989a: 341. PA: China (Miocene)
[C].
vetus James, 1937: 243. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C].
vixdus Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 67. PA: Germany
(Pliocene) [C].
vulcanius Melander, 1949: 25. NE: USA (Oligocene)
[C].
vulpinus Statz, 1943: 49. PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
wickhami Cockerell, 1915a: 647. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C].
xylophilus Germar, 1837: pl. 22. PA: Germany
(Oligocene) [C].
Unidentified sp. —USA (Alaska) (Miocene) [C]
(Grimaldi & Triplehorn, 2008: 11).
Unidentified spp. - PA: Italy (Miocene) [C]
(Statz, 1943: 56; Gentilini, 1991b: 44244).
Unidentified spp. - PA: Japan (Pliocene/Pleistocene) [C] (Fujiyama & Iwao, 1974: 95; Fujiyama, 1980: 28).
Unidentified sp. - PA: Slovenia (Oligocene) [C] (Križnar, 2013: 63).
Genus BIBIODES
Coquillett
*BIBIODES Coquillett, 1904: 171. Type
species: Bibiodes halteralis Coquillett, 1904, by original designation.
balticus Skartveit, 2009: 28. PA: Baltic Region
(Eocene) [A].
intermedia James, 1937: 243. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C].
nanus Skartveit, 2009: 30. PA: Baltic Region
(Eocene) [A].
Genus BIBIODITES
Cockerell
BIBIODITES Cockerell, 1915c: 493. Type species: Bibiodites confluens
Cockerell, 1915, by original designation.
confluens Cockerell, 1915c: 493. PA: UK (England) (Eocene/Oligocene) [C].
Genus CASCOPLECIA Poinar
CASCOPLECIA Poinar, 2010: 72. Type species: Cascoplecia insolitus
Poinar, 2010, by original designation.
insolitus
Poinar, 2010: 72. OR: Burma (Upper Cretaceous) [A].
Genus CLOTHONOPSIS
Hong & Wang
CLOTHONOPSIS Hong & Wang, 1987: 258. Type species: Clothonopsis
miocenica Hong & Wang, 1987, by original designation.
miocenica Hong & Wang, 1987: 258. PA: China (Miocene) [C].
Genus DILOPHUS
Meigen
PHILIA Meigen, 1800: 20. Suppressed by I.C.Z.N. (1963: 339).
*DILOPHUS Meigen, 1803: 264. Type
species: Tipula febrilis Linnaeus, 1758, by
subsequent designation of Latreille (1810: 442).
campbelli Harris, 1983: AU: New Zealand (Eocene)
[C].
crassicornis Skartveit, 2009: 31. PA: Baltic Region
(Eocene) [A].
krantzii Heyden, 1870: 255. PA: Germany (Oligocene)
[C].
magnus Dürrenfeldt, 1968: 50. PA: Germany
(Pliocene) [C].
matilei Waller, Nel & Menier, 2000: 150. NT:
Dominican Republic (Miocene) [A].
palaeofebrilis Skartveit, 2009: 34. PA: Baltic Region
(Eocene) [A].
priscus Loew, 1850b: 38. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene)
[A].
succineus Skartveit, 2009: 36. PA: Baltic Region
(Eocene) [A].
Unidentified sp.— PA: France (Oligocene) [C]
(Statz, 1943: 56).
Genus FUSHUNOPLECIA Hong
FUSHUNOPLECIA Hong, 2002: 221. Unavailable name;
genus-group name proposed after 1999 based on an unavailable name.
eocenica Hong, 2002: 221. PA: China (Eocene) [A]
[Unavailable name; species name proposed after 1999 without type depository
specified.]
Genus LACIBIBIO Hong
LACIBIBIO Hong, 1980: 47. Type species: Lacibibio fushunensis Hong, 1980, by original
designation.
fushunensis Hong, 1980: 47. PA: China (Eocene) [A].
Genus LICHNOPLECIA Ren
LICHNOPLECIA Ren in
Ren et al., 1995: 102. Type species: Lichnoplecia kovalevi Ren, 1995, by original
designation.
kovalevi Ren in
Ren et al., 1995: 102. PA: China
(Middle/Upper Jurassic) [C].
Genus LITHOSOMYIA
Carpenter
MESOMYIA Pongrácz, 1928: 174. Type species: Bibio
brevis Heer, 1849, by monotypy. [Preoccupied by Macquart, 1850.]
LITHOSOMYIA Carpenter, 1986: 576 (new replacement name
for Mesomyia Pongrácz).
Type species: Bibio brevis Heer,
1849, automatic.
brevis Heer, 1849: 225 (Bibio). PA: Switzerland (Miocene) [C].
Genus PENTHETRIA
Meigen
*PENTHETRIA Meigen, 1803: 264. Type
species: Penthetria funebris Meigen, 1804, by subsequent monotypy in
Meigen (1804: 104).
PROTOMYIA Heer, 1849: 231. Type species: Protomyia lygaeoides
Heer, 1849, by subsequent designation of Carpenter (1992: 414).
EPIPLECIA Giard, 1879: 13. Type species: Protomyia joannisi Oustalet, 1870, by monotypy.
MYCETOPHAETUS Scudder, 1892: 20. Type species: Mycetophaetus intermedius
Scudder, 1892, by monotypy.
PROTOMYA. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Protomyia Heer, 1849.
abacula Lewis, 1971b: 1466. NE: USA (Oligocene)
[C].
adusta Oustalet, 1870: 145 (Protomyia). PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
aestimata Statz, 1943: 39. PA: Germany (Oligocene)
[C].
affinis Heer, 1849: 235 (Protomyia). PA: Switzerland (Miocene) [C].
alderensis
Lewis, 1971b: 1466. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C].
amoena Heer, 1849: 237 (Protomyia).
PA: Switzerland (Miocene) [C].
anthracina Heer, 1849: 236 (Protomyia).
PA: Switzerland (Miocene) [C].
beskonakensis
Skartveit & Nel, 2012: 58. PA: Turkey (Oligocene) [C].
blanchardi Oustalet, 1870: 148 (Protomyia). PA:
France (Oligocene) [C].
bohemica Novák, 1877: 86 (Protomyia). PA: Czech
Republic (Oligocene) [C].
brevipennis Heer, 1856: 35 (Protomyia). PA:
France (Oligocene) [C].
bucklandi Heer, 1849: 238 (Protomyia). PA:
Croatia (Miocene) [C].
creedensis James, 1938a: 114 (Plecia). NE: USA (Eocene) [C].
dubia Geinitz, 1884: 582 (Protomyia). PA:
Germany (Lower Jurassic) [C].
edwardsi Oustalet, 1870: 130 (Bibio). PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
elegans Heer, 1856: 36 (Protomyia). PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
formicoides
Oustalet, 1870: 150 (Protomyia). PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
fryi Rice,
1959: 7. NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
fuchsi
Handlirsch, 1907c: 961. PA: Greece (Miocene) [C].
marinosi
Bachmayer et al., 1971: 170. PA: Greece (Miocene) [C].
fusca Oustalet, 1870: 145 (Protomyia). PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
globularis Oustalet, 1870: 147 (Protomyia). PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
gracilis Heer, 1856: 36 (Protomyia). PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
incerta Oustalet, 1870: 151 (Protomyia). PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
inflata Oustalet, 1870: 142 (Protomyia).
PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
integroneura
Skartveit, 2009: 10. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene) [A].
intermedia Scudder, 1892: 20 (Mycetophaetus). NE: USA (Oligocene) [C].
joannisi Oustalet, 1870: 143 (Protomyia). PA:
France (Oligocene) [C].
jucunda Heer, 1849: 234 (Protomyia). PA:
Croatia (Miocene) [C].
latipennis Heer, 1849: 237 (Protomyia). PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C].
longa Heer, 1849: 233 (Protomyia). PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C].
longifurca
Melander, 1949: 20. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C].
longipennis Oustalet, 1870: 141 (Protomyia).
PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
lygaeoides
Heer, 1849: 232 (Protomyia). PA: Croatia & France (Miocene) [C].
major Oustalet, 1870: 114 (Plecia). PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
matheroni Heer, 1861: 153. Nomen nudum.
montanaregius
Skartveit, 2009: 13. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene) [A].
nigra Statz, 1943: 39. PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
nigrescens Oustalet, 1870: 115 (Plecia). PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
oustaleti
Brongniart, 1876a: 1 [1876b: 459] (Protomyia). PA: France (Oligocene)
[C].
pallida Oustalet, 1870: 118 (Plecia). PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
parschlugiana
Heer, 1849: 235 (Protomyia; as jucunda
subspecies). PA: Switzerland (Miocene) [C]; PA: Austria (Miocene) [C].
rottensis Statz, 1943: 40. PA: Germany (Oligocene)
[C].
rubescens Oustalet, 1870: 149 (Protomyia).
PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
rubiensis
Lewis, 1971b: 1465. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C].
sauvagii Oustalet, 1870: 146 (Protomyia). PA:
France (Oligocene) [C].
scita
Statz, 1943: 40. PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
speciosa Heer, 1864: 394 (Protomyia). PA: Switzerland (Miocene) [C].
togoensis Fujiyama & Iwao, 1974: 93. PA: Japan
(Pliocene/Pleistocene) [C].
tropica Statz, 1943: 39. PA: Germany
(Oligocene) [C].
vaillanti Oustalet, 1870: 112. PA: France (Oligocene)
[C].
whipsawensis Rice, 1959: 7. NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
Unidentified sp.-PA: Italy (Miocene) [C]
(Gentilini, 1991a: 65).
Genus PLECIA
Wiedemann
*PLECIA Wiedemann, 1828: 72. Type
species: Hirtea fulvicollis Fabricius, 1805, by subsequent designation
of Blanchard (1840: 576).
BIBIOPSIS Heer, 1849: 28. Type species: Bibiopsis cimicoides
Heer, 1849, by subsequent designation of Carpenter (1992: 414).
abava Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 20 (Protomyia).
PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
acourti Cockerell, 1921c: 467. PA: UK (England)
(Eocene/Oligocene) [C].
aculeolata Zhang, 1989a: 332. PA: China (Miocene) [C].
acutiventris
Théobald, 1937a: 410. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
akerionana
Fitzgerald, 1999: 182. NE: USA (Eocene) [C].
amagua Cockerell, 1925c: 13. PA: Russia (Amur)
(Oligocene/Miocene) [C].
angustipennis Handlirsch, 1910: 104 (Penthetria).
NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
angustiventris Théobald, 1937a: 135. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
antenata Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 26 (Protomyia). PA: Germany
(Oligocene) [C].
antennata. Incorrect subsequent spelling
of antenata.
assonensis
Gentilini, 1993: 161. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
avunculus
Handlirsch, 1910: 104 (Penthetria). NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
avus Handlirsch, 1910: 115 (Penthetria).
NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
axeliana
Cockerell, 1915a: 646. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C].
baglii
Gentilini, 1991a: 433. PA: Italy (Miocene) [C].
bivalvula Zhang, 1993: 142. PA: China (Miocene) [C].
borussica
Meunier, 1907b: 395. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene) [A].
brevicollis
Heer, 1849: 231 (Bibiopsis). PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C].
brevipes Handlirsch, 1910: 106 (Penthetria). NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
brevithoracis Théobald, 1937a: 409. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
brunneipennis Piton, 1939: 107. PA: France (Oligocene)
[C].
brunniptera
Skartveit, 2009: 14. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene) [A].
cairnesi Rice, 1959: 11. NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
canadensis Handlirsch, 1910: 118 (Penthetria).
NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
capitata Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994: 194. PA:
China (Miocene) [C].
carbonum Heyden & Heyden, 1865b: 34 (Bibiopsis).
PA: Germany (Miocene) [C].
catellaroi
Gentilini, 1991a: 427. PA: Italy (Miocene) [C].
cerestensis Théobald, 1937a: 409. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
cimicoides Heer, 1849: 229 (Bibiopsis). PA:
Croatia (Miocene) [C].
claripennis Théobald, 1937a: 228. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
clavifemur
Skartveit, 2009: 15. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene) [A].
collossea Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 21 (Protomyia).
PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
conica Théobald, 1937a: 232. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
constricta Théobald, 1937a: 342. PA: France (Oligocene)
[C].
crassicornis Keilbach, 1982: 347. Nomen nudum.
crassiventris Théobald, 1937a: 227. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
curtula Handlirsch, 1910: 119 (Penthetria).
NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
decapitata Cockerell, 1917e: 391. NE: USA (Oligocene)
[C].
dejecta Scudder, 1890: 586. NE: USA (Eocene) [C].
diatoma
Zhang, 1989a: 331. PA: China (Miocene) [C].
difficilis Théobald, 1937a: 234. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
dilatata Handlirsch, 1910: 120 (Penthetria). NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
dilatativentris Théobald, 1937a: 338. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
dumasi Théobald, 1937a: 138. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
egerana Novák, 1877: 83 (Bibiopsis). PA: Czech Republic
(Oligocene) [C].
elegantula Meunier, 1915d: 226 (Protomyia).
PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
eliator
Handlirsch, 1910: 108 (Penthetria). NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
elongata Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 27 (Protomyia). PA: Germany
(Oligocene) [C].
exigua Statz, 1943: 26. PA: Germany
(Oligocene) [C].
explanata
Cockerell, 1917b: 376. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C].
exposita
Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 24 (Protomyia). PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
falcatula
Handlirsch, 1910: 110 (Penthetria). NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
flichei
Théobald, 1937a: 406. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
foersteri
Théobald, 1937a: 230. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
fragmentum
Handlirsch, 1910: 111 (Penthetria). NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
fumosa Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994: 191. PA:
China (Miocene) [C].
fusciventris Théobald, 1937a: 407. PA: France (Oligocene)
[C].
fushunensis Hong, 1980: 46 [1981: 76]. PA: China
(Eocene) [A].
gigantea Théobald, 1937a: 226. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
goreti Théobald, 1937a: 409. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
gracilenta Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 28 (Protomyia). PA: Germany (Oligocene)
[C].
gracilentula Evenhuis, 1994b: 131 (new replacement name
for gracilenta Zhang). PA: China (Miocene) [C].
gracilenta Zhang, 1993: 143. PA: China (Miocene) [C].
[Preoccupied by Heyden & Heyden, 1865.]
graciliventris Théobald, 1937a: 138. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
gracillima Förster, 1891:
480. PA: Germany (Miocene) [C].
graciosa Théobald, 1937a: 235. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
gradata Melander, 1949: 21. NE: USA (Oligocene)
[C].
grandaeva Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 25 (Protomyia).
PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
grossa Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 22 (Protomyia). PA: Germany
(Oligocene) [C].
guinieri Théobald, 1937a: 408. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
haennii Gentilini, 1993: 164. France (Oligocene)
[C].
heeri
Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 28 (Protomyia). PA: Germany (Oligocene)
[C].
hilaris Heer, 1849: 211. PA: Switzerland (Miocene) [C].
hoffeinsorum
Skartveit, 2009: 17. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene) [A].
hypogaea Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 23 (Protomyia). PA: Germany
(Oligocene) [C].
immutabilis
Melander, 1949: 20 (Hesperinus). NE:
USA (Oligocene) [C].
imperialis Novák, 1877: 84 (Bibiopsis).
PA: Czech Republic (Oligocene) [C]. [Preoccupied by Schiner, 1868; no new
replacement name proposed here.]
imperialis
Statz, 1943: 13. PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C]. [Preoccupied by Schiner, 1868; no
new replacement name proposed here.]
inflata Hull, 1960: 274. NE: USA
(Oligocene) [C].
intima Fujiyama & Iwao, 1974:
94. PA: Japan (Pliocene/Pleistocene) [C].
kanetakii Fujiyama, 1970: 69. PA: Japan (Miocene)
[C].
kelownaensis Rice, 1959: 8. NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
kudiella Cockerell, 1925c: 14. PA: Russia (Amur)
(Oligocene/Miocene) [C].
kuznetzovi Cockerell, 1925c: 15. PA: Russia (Amur)
(Oligocene/Miocene) [C].
lambei Handlirsch, 1910: 116 (Penthetria).
NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
lapidaria Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 25 (Protomyia).
PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
sluiteri Meunier, 1917b: 14 (Protomyia). PA:
Germany (Oligocene) [C].
larguensis
Gentilini, 1993: 162. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
luctuosa
Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 22 (Protomyia). PA: Germany (Oligocene)
[C].
ludongensis Hong & Wang, 1985: 5. PA: China
(Miocene) [C].
lugens Oustalet, 1870: 142 (Protomyia). PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
luteipennis Théobald, 1937a: 233. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
luteola Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 26 (Protomyia). PA: Germany
(Oligocene) [C].
macrocephala
Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 23 (Protomyia). PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
macroventris
Théobald, 1937a: 229. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
maculiventris Théobald, 1937a: 411.
PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
maimensis Gentilini, 1993: 158. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
melanderi
Cockerell, 1911: 77. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C].
miegi Théobald, 1937a: 232. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
minutula Rice, 1959: 8. NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
myersi Peterson, 1975: 712. NE: Canada (Upper Cretaceous) [A].
nana Handlirsch, 1910: 111 (Penthetria). NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
nervisinuata Théobald, 1937a: 339. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
nigra Statz, 1943: 25 (as lapidaria
subspecies). PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C]. [Preoccupied by Philippi, 1865; no
new replacement name proposed here.]
obsitula Cockerell, 1925c: 15. PA: Russia (Amur)
(Oligocene/Miocene) [C].
obsoleta Heer, 1849: 227 (Bibio). PA: Switzerland (Miocene) [C].
orycta Melander, 1949: 21. NE: USA (Oligocene)
[C].
ovalis Handlirsch, 1910: 117 (Penthetria).
NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
oviformis Théobald, 1937a: 229. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
parisiensis Gee, Nel, Menier & de Ploëg, 2001: 342. PA:
France (Eocene) [A].
pealei Scudder, 1890: 585. NE: USA (Eocene) [C].
pennata
Statz, 1943: 19. PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
philippi Statz, 1943: 10. PA: Germany (Oligocene)
[C].
pictipennis Handlirsch, 1910: 106 (Penthetria).
NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
pinguis Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 24 (Protomyia). PA: Germany
(Oligocene) [C].
pisaurensis Gentilini, 1991a: 430. PA: Italy (Miocene)
[C].
platoptera Zhang, 1993: 141. PA: China (Miocene)
[C].
platyptera Handlirsch, 1910: 121 (Penthetria). NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
prisca Meunier, 1899e: 176. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A].
pristina Hardy, 1971: 65. NT: Mexico
(Oligocene/Miocene) [A]; NT: Dominican Republic (Miocene [A].
proserpina Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 22 (Protomyia).
PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
pulchella Meunier, 1915c: 216. PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
pulchra Handlirsch, 1910: 113 (Penthetria). NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
pulla Handlirsch, 1910: 105 (Penthetria). NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
quaesita Novák, 1877: 86.
PA: Czech Republic (Oligocene) [C].
rectivena Zhang, 1989a: 335. PA: China (Miocene)
[C].
redempta Cockerell, 1925c: 14. PA: Russia (Amur)
(Oligocene/Miocene) [C].
reducta
Handlirsch, 1910: 109 (Penthetria). NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
refracta Cockerell, 1925c: 14. PA: Russia (Amur)
(Oligocene/Miocene) [C].
retracta Théobald, 1937a: 341. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
rhenana
Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 28. PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
rhodopterina Cockerell, 1924a: 6. NE: USA (Eocene) [C].
satyrus
Statz, 1943: 12. PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
schineri Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 27 (Protomyia). PA: Germany
(Oligocene) [C].
separanda
Handlirsch, 1910: 112 (Penthetria). NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
similkameena Scudder, 1879: 177 (Penthetria). NE:
Canada (Miocene) [C].
solaris Zhang, 1989a: 334. PA: China (Miocene)
[C].
spinula Zhang, 1989a: 329. PA: China (Miocene) [C].
splendida Théobald, 1937a: 137. PA:
France (Oligocene) [C].
sturmi Statz, 1943: 20. PA: Germany (Oligocene)
[C].
stygia Heyden & Heyden, 1865a:
24 (Protomyia). PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
subterranea Théobald, 1937a: 233. PA: France
(Oligocene) [C].
superba Meunier, 1915c: 207. PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
superba Théobald, 1937a: 134. PA: France (Oligocene) [C]. [Preoccupied by
Meunier, 1915; no new replacement name proposed here.]
tenuicornis
Skartveit, 2009: 20. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene) [A].
tessella Melander, 1949: 21. NE: USA (Oligocene)
[C].
transitoria Handlirsch, 1910: 117 (Penthetria).
NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
tulameenensis
Rice, 1959: 11. NE: Canada (Eocene) [C].
undans Zeuner, 1941: 94. PA: UK (Scotland) (Upper Cretaceous)
[C].
varia Théobald, 1937a: 234. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
variegata Théobald, 1937a: 234. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
vergnei
Piton in Piton & Théobald, 1935: 86. PA: France (Oligocene) [C].
veterana Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 25 (Protomyia). PA: Germany (Oligocene)
[C].
villosa Zhang, 1989a: 333. PA: China (Miocene) [C].
volgeri Heyden, 1859: 15 (Bibiopsis). PA:
Germany (Oligocene) [C].
vulcania Zhang, 1989a: 331. PA: China (Miocene)
[C].
vulpina Statz, 1943: 27. PA: Germany (Oligocene)
[C].
winchesteri Cockerell, 1917b: 375. NE: USA (Eocene)
[C].
winnertzi Heyden & Heyden, 1865a: 21 (Protomyia). PA: Germany (Oligocene)
[C].
woodruffi Cockerell, 1916c: 89. NE: USA (Eocene) [C].
Unidentified sp. - PA: Slovenia (Oligocene) [C] (Križnar, 2013: 59).
Unplaced
species in BIBIONIDAE
grandaevus Brodie, 1845: 33 (Termes). PA: UK (England) (Lower Cretaceous) [C].